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Total Quality Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. Discuss on the relevance of the statement ”Quality always comes at a cost’ in context of the concept of the Cost of Quality (CoQ), explaining in details the four components of CoQ. Illustrate the concept with references from any industry/ organisational instance of your choice. (10 marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

The adage “Quality always comes at a cost” underscores the inherent trade-offs that organizations face when striving for superior quality in their products or services. While investing in quality improvement initiatives requires resources, it can significantly reduce long-term operational inefficiencies and boost customer satisfaction. The Cost of Quality (CoQ) provides a structured framework to understand these trade-offs. CoQ encompasses all expenses related to ensuring quality and includes costs for achieving, maintaining, and rectifying quality-related issues. This concept is critical in Total

 

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Q2.  Discuss  the  relevance  of  Supplier  relationship  and  explain  the  various  approaches  for supplier  sourcing  and  evaluation  as  applicable  to  any  organisation  targeting  total  quality. Support your answer giving suitable references from the industry. (10 marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

In the pursuit of Total Quality Management (TQM), building and maintaining strong supplier relationships is essential. Suppliers are pivotal in ensuring that raw materials, components, and services meet the required standards of quality, enabling organizations to deliver superior products and services to customers. Effective supplier relationships go beyond transactional interactions; they focus on collaboration, trust,

 

Q3. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a strategic method of comprehending customer`s choices, translating the choices into product features and design the products. The concept is extensively used in both manufacturing as well as service industries.  Assuming any reference of a manufacturing or service industry of your choice, explain the following aspects of QFD.

1. Discuss in brief the process of concept of ‘Quality Function Deployment’ and highlight its benefits. (5 marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a customer-centric approach that bridges the gap between customer preferences and product or service design. Originating in Japan in the 1960s, QFD employs a structured methodology to identify customer needs, translate them into technical specifications, and integrate these into the development process. This strategic tool ensures that every stage of design and production aligns with the customer’s voice, promoting higher satisfaction and competitive advantage. Widely adopted across manufacturing and service industries, QFD reduces time-to-

 

1. Explain how the concept of Poka yoke be applied to ensure Quality being deployed into products and services. (5 marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Poka-yoke, a Japanese term meaning “mistake-proofing,” is a lean manufacturing technique designed to prevent errors during production and service delivery. Developed by Shigeo Shingo as part of the Toyota Production System, Poka-yoke focuses on creating mechanisms or processes that make it impossible for errors to occur or easily detect them when they do. This proactive approach ensures quality by

 

Supply Chain Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. You are the Chief Operations Officer of a growing e-commerce company struggling with high operational costs and delivery delays. To address these challenges, your company is considering outsourcing logistics and customer support services. Identify and analyze the factors you would consider before selecting an outsourcing partner. Design a strategy to monitor the performance of the outsourced processes and ensure quality control and also discussed factors to be considered before selecting an outsourcing partner. Propose measures to manage potential risks, such as data security and loss of brand identity, while working with the outsourcing partner. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Outsourcing logistics and customer support is a strategic decision for e-commerce companies seeking to reduce operational costs and enhance delivery efficiency. By collaborating with external service providers, businesses can leverage specialized expertise, advanced technology, and economies of scale. However, outsourcing poses significant risks such as data security breaches, service quality inconsistency, and potential dilution of brand identity. As the Chief Operations Officer of a

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2. Imagine you are a supply chain manager for a popular consumer electronics brand. The company recently launched a new product, and initial demand spikes have caused significant disruptions in the supply chain. The manufacturing team has overproduced, leading to excess inventory, while the retailers are now reporting declining sales. Identify the factors that might have contributed to the bullwhip effect in this scenario. Propose strategies to stabilize the supply chain and prevent similar disruptions in the future. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

The bullwhip effect is a common challenge in supply chain management, characterized by increasing variability in demand forecasts as one moves upstream in the supply chain. This phenomenon often leads to excessive inventory, stockouts, and inefficiencies across the network. In the case of a popular consumer electronics brand, the launch of a new product has resulted in initial demand spikes, causing significant disruptions. While retailers are now experiencing declining sales, the

 

 

3. You are the supply chain manager for a global apparel brand that experiences significant variability in customer demand due to seasonal trends. The company currently follows a push strategy, manufacturing large volumes of products based on forecasted demand. However, unsold inventory during off-seasons and stockouts during peak seasons have led to inefficiencies and lost sales.
4. Analyze the challenges associated with the current push-based approach in this scenario. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

The push-based strategy relies on forecasting demand and manufacturing products in large volumes before they are sold. While this approach can be cost-effective in stable demand conditions, it poses significant challenges for global apparel brands dealing with seasonal demand variability. The mismatch between forecasted and actual demand often leads to unsold inventory during off-seasons and stockouts during peak seasons. These inefficiencies result in financial losses, reduced customer

 

1. Propose how a hybrid push-pull strategy could be implemented to balance inventory levels and meet customer demand effectively. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

The hybrid push-pull strategy combines the strengths of both push and pull models to address demand variability and optimize inventory management. Under this approach, the initial stages of production are push-based, driven by forecasts, while the final stages are pull-based, driven by actual customer demand. For global apparel brands, this strategy offers a practical solution to balance inventory

 

Service Operations Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. List and explain in detail the various Service dimensions through organisations are analysed and judged for Quality by customers? Elaborate your answer with a reference of any Professional educational institute of your choice.    (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Service quality is a critical factor in the success of service-based organizations, as it directly impacts customer satisfaction, loyalty, and overall business performance. Unlike tangible products, services are intangible, heterogeneous, and perishable, making their evaluation complex. Customers judge service quality based on various dimensions, which influence their perception of an organization’s effectiveness. These dimensions include reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles, among others. Each dimension plays a significant role in shaping

 

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Q2. Discuss the concept of the ‘Service Design; highlighting in detail the different approaches through which organizations can implement ‘Service Design’? Support your details with a reference to a Fast-food chain or a restaurant setup (you can choose any reference of your own choice)   (10  Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Service design is a critical aspect of operations management that focuses on planning and organizing resources to improve the service delivery process. It ensures that the service meets customer expectations efficiently while aligning with the organization’s strategic objectives. Unlike product design, service design

 

Q3. The Healthcare sector has become a very critical service sector domain in recent times, especially post Covid scenario. Hence it is very obvious for Healthcare Institutes to plan their operations in several ways to provide the best services to their target customers. Explain the following aspects of these organisations in context of the following areas as given below.

1. Discuss the different elements that need to be considered in a Service Framework of the setup. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

The healthcare sector has witnessed significant transformations, especially in the post-COVID era, where patient-centric services and operational efficiency have become top priorities. Healthcare organizations must implement a comprehensive service framework to ensure quality care, timely delivery, and operational excellence. A well-structured framework includes elements such as patient experience, infrastructure, workforce management, technology integration, and

 

1. Discuss the concept of a Service Design (Blueprinting) in context of healthcare setups for their service operations. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Service design, particularly blueprinting, is essential in healthcare to map out the entire patient journey and improve service delivery. Healthcare service blueprinting focuses on streamlining operations, ensuring patient satisfaction, and eliminating inefficiencies. The post-COVID landscape has heightened the need for well-structured service processes, including telemedicine, emergency

 

Procurement Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

 

Q.1 ABC Healthcare is a mid-sized pharmaceutical company that specializes in producing over-the-counter (OTC) medications. With steady growth and diversification into new product lines, the demand for various raw materials, packaging supplies, and third-party services has significantly increased. However, the procurement system at ABC Healthcare has not adapted to these changes, resulting in sourcing delays, inconsistent purchasing practices, and potential cost inefficiencies. Identify and describe the various requisition types that ABC Healthcare may encounter in its procurement operations, emphasizing the importance of requisition categorization for effective procurement planning and execution. Additionally,  propose a structured  process  for  issuing  an  RFx  (Request  for Proposal, Request for Quotation, or Request for Information) to ensure optimal supplier selection and contract negotiation for ABC Healthcare.  (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

ABC Healthcare, a mid-sized pharmaceutical company, is undergoing significant growth and diversification, leading to increased demand for raw materials, packaging supplies, and third-party services. This expansion highlights the critical role of procurement in maintaining supply chain efficiency, cost management, and operational continuity. However, the company’s existing procurement system has struggled to keep pace, causing delays, inconsistent practices, and inefficiencies. To address these issues, it is essential to identify and categorize the various requisition types within procurement operations, as categorization ensures structured and efficient sourcing. Furthermore, implementing a well-defined RFx (Request for Proposal,

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Q.2 SolarBright Ltd. is a global manufacturer and distributor of solar energy equipment, sourcing components from international suppliers and delivering products to clients worldwide. Despite its success in the renewable energy market, the company faces significant challenges in managing its transportation and logistics. Issues such as inconsistent shipment traceability, high transportation costs, and discrepancies in documentation have resulted in delayed deliveries and operational inefficiencies. Explain the concept of INCO terms and their importance in global supply chain management by analyzing how selecting the appropriate  INCO  terms can  influence SolarBright Ltd.’s transportation   costs   and   responsibilities.   Additionally,   evaluate  the  potential   risks associated with inaccurate or incomplete shipping documentation and propose strategies or technologies to improve shipment visibility and traceability.   (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

SolarBright Ltd., a global leader in solar energy equipment, operates in a complex supply chain environment that involves sourcing components internationally and distributing products worldwide. While the company thrives in the renewable energy market, it faces transportation and logistics challenges, including inconsistent shipment traceability, elevated transportation costs, and discrepancies in shipping documentation. These issues hinder operational efficiency, delay deliveries, and

 

 

 

Q.3 GreenHarvest AgriTech, a rapidly expanding agritech company specializing in sustainable farming solutions, is encountering challenges in sourcing reliable suppliers for eco-friendly materials, streamlining supplier onboarding, and evaluating supplier performance. These difficulties threaten the company’s ability to maintain operational efficiency and meet growing market demands.

1. Discuss the significance of conducting spend analysis for GreenHarvest AgriTech to uncover cost-saving opportunities and explore strategic sourcing options by outlining a step-by-step approach to improving the supplier selection process. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

GreenHarvest AgriTech, an innovative player in sustainable farming solutions, is facing challenges in sourcing reliable suppliers, onboarding them efficiently, and evaluating performance. These obstacles can hinder operational efficiency and compromise the company’s ability to meet growing market demands. Conducting a thorough spend analysis is critical for identifying cost-saving opportunities, streamlining procurement, and implementing strategic sourcing practices. By understanding spending patterns, the company can refine its supplier

 

1. Discuss how understanding Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) can aid GreenHarvest AgriTech in making strategic decisions regarding supplier and product selection. (5 marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

For GreenHarvest AgriTech, understanding Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a pivotal aspect of making strategic supplier and product selection decisions. TCO encompasses not only the purchase price but also all associated costs over the product or supplier relationship’s lifecycle. A TCO

 

Operations and Supply Chain Strategies

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. PQR, a multinational retail company, recently launched new private-label products that have been well-received by customers. While customer demand is growing due to the diverse product mix, the company’s operational performance has not kept pace, resulting in inefficiencies in meeting this demand. Analyze the potential supply chain challenges contributing to this performance gap. Propose specific supply chain strategies to improve efficiency, meet growing demand, and enhance overall performance. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

PQR, a prominent multinational retail company, has achieved significant customer acclaim with the launch of its private-label products. These offerings, characterized by a diverse product mix and competitive pricing, have rapidly gained popularity among consumers. However, the increasing demand has highlighted inefficiencies in PQR’s operational performance, presenting critical challenges within its supply chain. As the backbone of any successful retail operation, an efficient supply chain ensures the seamless movement of goods from production to the customer. For PQR, the ability to meet growing demand while maintaining cost efficiency and service quality has become paramount. This analysis explores the potential challenges

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2. Last month, you launched a new electronics business. As part of your growth strategy, you plan to expand by opening additional branches both within your city and in other locations. To further boost revenue, you are considering entering international markets. However, the dynamic marketplace presents tough competition from both online and offline competitors. Analyze and suggest a different level of strategies that you will implement in the firm that can improve overall business profit. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Launching a new electronics business marks an exciting venture with significant potential for growth and profitability. The dynamic nature of the electronics industry, characterized by rapid technological advancements and evolving customer preferences, presents both opportunities and challenges. To ensure sustained growth and profitability, it is imperative to adopt a strategic approach that addresses the competition posed by both online and offline players. Expanding operations within the city, scaling to other locations, and exploring international markets require a well

 

3. A toy company has been operating successfully in the Indian market for several years, with multiple branches across cities. The company is now considering establishing its own manufacturing unit, aligning with the government’s push for domestic manufacturing under the ‘Make in India’ initiative.
4. Identify and explain the critical competitive dimensions the company must focus on to enhance market share and achieve excellence in its supply chain operations. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

The Indian toy industry has witnessed significant growth, driven by increasing demand for domestically manufactured, innovative, and affordable products. Aiming to align with the government’s ‘Make in India’ initiative, the toy company plans to establish its own manufacturing unit. This strategic move can enhance competitiveness and supply chain efficiency while

 

 

1. Given the management’s uncertainty regarding the production process, recommend the most suitable production method (e.g., job, batch, mass, or continuous production) to improve efficiency, and justify your choice based on the company’s business goals. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

As the toy company transitions to domestic manufacturing, selecting the most suitable production method is critical to achieving operational efficiency and meeting market demands. Considering the diverse product range and varying demand patterns, the production method should balance

 

Enterprise Resource Planning

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. Your organization is implementing an ERP system for the first time. However, the finance team is resistant to adopting the new system due to concerns about complexity. Discuss why it is important to provide training to the team members of Finance department. Discuss the benefits of ERP System and explain phased implementation of ERP. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems play a pivotal role in integrating various business processes into a unified framework to enhance efficiency and decision-making. However, implementing such systems often encounters resistance, especially in critical departments like finance, due to concerns about complexity, operational disruption, and learning curves. The finance team is typically responsible for key tasks such as budgeting, reporting, and compliance, making their involvement crucial for a successful ERP deployment. Effective training for

 

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2)  AcademiGO  is  an  emerging  training  company  with  few  modules  of  HR  and Finance for its operations of providing training for on-job training requirements of various companies. The specified functionalities only cater to a particular requirement with limited integration of functionalities. Most of the processes are complex and time consuming. They decided to reorganize its system and processes to improve its efficiency by adding more modules to ERP system with modules for all operations of the AcademiGO. Idea is to make it automated system and integrated, flexible, and scalable.

Discuss which other modules can be added to existing ERP system for AcademiGO with what functionalities and what could be the challenges in ERP implementation. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

AcademiGO, a growing training company specializing in on-job training modules for HR and Finance, is seeking to modernize its operations through an enhanced ERP system. The existing setup, limited to a few modules, lacks integration, scalability, and flexibility, resulting in inefficiencies and complex workflows. To address these challenges, AcademiGO plans to expand its ERP system by incorporating additional modules to cover all aspects of its operations, aiming for a fully automated, integrated, and scalable solution. This strategic move will streamline its processes, improve coordination across departments, and enable better decision-making through real-time data insights. However, implementing new modules and

 

 

3)  ITThink is an IT Company with the motive of providing solutions to different Organisations by catering to their specific product related requirements. They have decided to implement ERP system in their organization to integrate the various business processes and to enhance the efficiency of the organization.

Considering the above scenario, discuss the following:

1. a) What could be the major reasons for ITThink to switch to ERP system? (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

In today’s dynamic business environment, ITThink, as a solution-driven IT company, must optimize its operations to stay competitive and meet diverse client needs. Implementing an ERP system would help integrate its business processes, streamline workflows, and provide real-time data insights for improved decision-making. ERP systems are designed to unify various functions such

 

 

1. b) Discuss the need of vendor selection for ERP implementation. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Selecting the right vendor is a critical step in successful ERP implementation. The vendor determines the quality, functionality, and support of the ERP system, directly influencing the system’s alignment with an organization’s needs. For ITThink, a company planning to transform its operations through ERP, choosing an experienced and reliable vendor is essential to ensure the

 

Sales Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. A sales manager notices that one of their top-performing sales personnel, Ravi, has been consistently missing targets over the last three months. Upon discussion, Ravi shares that he feels undervalued and mentions that newer team members receive more recognition. As a sales manager, what steps would you take to motivate Ravi and ensure he regains his enthusiasm and performance levels? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Sales management is a dynamic field that requires balancing team performance, motivation, and individual satisfaction to achieve organizational objectives. When a top-performing employee like Ravi begins to underperform, it is crucial to address the underlying causes and implement strategies to reignite their motivation. Ravi’s concerns of feeling undervalued and overshadowed by new team members highlight the importance of recognition, inclusion, and fair treatment in fostering high morale and productivity. As a sales manager, it is essential to recognize the contributions of seasoned employees and create an environment that encourages growth and

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2. Prepare a Sales Plan for a brand of electronic goods focusing in rural market (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

The rural market in India represents a vast and untapped potential for electronic goods. With rising incomes, increasing digital literacy, and expanding access to electricity and the internet, rural consumers are becoming an important demographic for electronics brands. However, rural markets present unique

 

3. Read the case & answer the questions based on the case:

XYZ Pvt. Ltd., a growing FMCG company, is planning to expand its market presence in Tier- 2 and Tier-3 cities. The sales manager, Mr. Mehta, has been asked to prepare the sales budget for the upcoming financial year. He reviews historical sales data, market demand, and competitor strategies to set a target of a 20% increase in sales. He allocates funds for promotional campaigns, salesforce incentives, and distribution enhancements. However, during the budget review meeting, the finance team recommends a 10% cut, citing cost constraints. This forces Mr. Mehta to reconsider the allocation of funds without compromising the growth target.

Questions:

1. How should Mr. Mehta prioritize his budget allocation to balance cost efficiency with achieving the sales growth target? (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Budget allocation is a critical component of sales planning, especially when cost constraints challenge growth objectives. For XYZ Pvt. Ltd., achieving a 20% sales growth target in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities requires efficient use of available funds. Mr. Mehta must focus on high-impact areas that drive maximum sales growth, such as promotional campaigns, salesforce incentives, and distribution

 

1. What alternative strategies can Mr. Mehta consider to optimize resources and still meet the expansion goals? (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

When faced with budget constraints, alternative strategies are crucial for achieving ambitious sales targets. Mr. Mehta must explore innovative approaches to optimize resources while expanding into Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities. By leveraging technology, strategic partnerships, and customer-centric initiatives, XYZ Pvt. Ltd. can overcome financial limitations and meet its 20% sales growth

 

Marketing Strategy

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. Imagine you are the marketing manager for a new luxury smartphone brand entering the Indian market. The company aims to create a unique position in a highly competitive market. Discuss the strategic mapping and key decisions you would consider while formulating the marketing strategy for this product. Explain how external environmental factors, such as economic conditions and technological advancements, would influence your strategy. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

India’s smartphone market is one of the largest and most competitive globally, driven by a tech-savvy consumer base and diverse economic segments. Introducing a new luxury smartphone brand requires careful strategic planning to carve out a niche and achieve differentiation in a crowded marketplace. As the marketing manager, the aim would be to position the brand as a premium, aspirational product that appeals to affluent and discerning customers. This strategy must integrate consumer behavior insights, competitive analysis, and economic and technological trends to ensure sustained market penetration. External environmental factors like India’s

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Q2. You are tasked with developing a marketing strategy for a new premium skincare brand in India that targets middle-to-high-income urban women aged 25-45. Describe how you would segment the market for this product and select the target market. Discuss how you would position the brand using the concepts of customer value and competitive advantage.    (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

The Indian skincare market has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, fueled by increasing awareness of personal grooming and the influence of global beauty trends. Launching a premium skincare brand targeting urban women aged 25-45 presents a significant opportunity to tap into the aspirations of a demographic that values quality and results-oriented products. This segment is characterized by middle-to-high-income consumers who prioritize health-conscious, effective, and sustainable skincare solutions. A successful marketing strategy for this product requires detailed segmentation to identify the most promising market subsets, precise targeting to address their unique needs, and a strong brand positioning that emphasizes customer value and competitive

 

Q3. M/s XYZ is a startup that has recently launched an innovative, eco-friendly, reusable water bottle in the Indian market. The bottle is crafted from high-quality stainless steel, ensuring  durability  and  safety.  Its  primary  objective  is  to  promote  sustainability  by reducing single-use plastic waste. The product is competitively priced at INR 500 and is available in a variety of colors (red, blue, green, black) and sizes (500ml, 750ml, 1L).

The company has identified its target market as environmentally conscious urban consumers aged 18-45, residing in metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, and Hyderabad. Their market research indicates a growing interest in sustainable products but also reveals competition from established brands offering similar reusable bottles priced between INR 400–700.

M/s XYZ has allocated a modest marketing budget and plans to use a mix of digital platforms, such as Instagram and YouTube, and online marketplaces, like Amazon and Flipkart, for its product promotion and distribution. The company is looking for innovative strategies to differentiate its products and create a strong market presence.

1. a) Using Ansoff’s Product-Market Growth Matrix, develop a comprehensive marketing strategy for M/s XYZ, addressing potential opportunities for market penetration, market development, product development, and diversification. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

M/s XYZ’s innovative, eco-friendly water bottles are positioned to capitalize on the growing demand for sustainable products in India’s urban markets. The Ansoff Product-Market Growth Matrix provides a structured framework for exploring potential growth opportunities. By focusing on market penetration, market development, product development, and diversification, the company can create a robust strategy to build brand recognition, increase sales, and differentiate itself in a competitive

 

 

1. b) Suggest an appropriate pricing strategy for the product, considering factors like competitors’ pricing, consumer willingness to pay, and the brand’s sustainability message. Justify your recommendations with a rationale. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Pricing plays a pivotal role in M/s XYZ’s strategy to position its eco-friendly water bottles as accessible yet premium sustainable alternatives. Priced competitively at INR 500, the product aligns with consumer expectations in a market dominated by brands priced between INR 400–700. The chosen pricing strategy must reflect the product’s sustainability message, target demographic, and

 

International Marketing

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. What are your views on Foreign Direct Investments FDI and FII and how do both impact our country?  (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) are two crucial forms of foreign capital inflows that significantly influence a nation’s economic growth. While FDI involves long-term investment by foreign entities in physical assets such as factories, technology, and infrastructure, FII pertains to investments in financial assets like stocks and bonds, typically in the short term.

 

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Q2. Many countries today are promoting “Go Local “to promote Local consumption. What is your view on nations promoting local production and how does it impact globalization?  (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

The “Go Local” movement has gained significant traction in recent years as nations emphasize local production to enhance self-reliance, boost domestic industries, and preserve cultural identity. This approach, driven by economic and environmental considerations, encourages consumers to prefer locally-produced goods over imports. By promoting local production, countries aim to strengthen their economies, reduce reliance on global supply chains, and create opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

However, this trend has implications for globalization, a phenomenon that thrives on interconnected markets and the

 

 

Q3. Read the following case study carefully and then answer the questions that follow: Your firm manufactures Incense sticks also called Agarbatti, in India and desires to market them globally. Although there is competition, you see that Mauritius has a huge potential and plan to expand your company’s retail operations in Mauritius.

1. a) Discuss the market entry strategy that you would recommend to launch your company products in Mauritius. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Expanding into the Mauritius market offers significant opportunities for incense stick manufacturers, given the cultural and religious relevance of these products in the region. The nation’s multicultural society, with a significant Hindu population, creates a natural demand for incense sticks in religious ceremonies, aromatherapy, and everyday use. However, entering a new market requires careful planning to overcome competition and establish a strong brand presence. An effective market entry strategy should focus on understanding consumer preferences, establishing a

 

1. b) How does global pricing policies help in launch of products. In your view which pricing policies do you think would be appropriate while launching of Incense sticks in Mauritius? (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Pricing is a critical component of a successful product launch in international markets. Effective pricing strategies align with consumer purchasing power, market demand, and competition. In Mauritius, where incense sticks hold cultural and spiritual value, a well-considered pricing policy can ensure market penetration and profitability. Global pricing policies such as cost-based pricing, competition-based pricing, and value-based pricing provide frameworks to

 

Customer Relationship Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. Acquiring new clients and retain existing ones, is one of the key reasons why organizations need to focus on their CRM activities. How is CRM expected to help your business acquire and retain customers? (10 marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In today’s competitive business landscape, acquiring new customers and retaining existing ones is crucial for long-term success. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) plays a vital role in managing customer interactions, analyzing consumer behavior, and optimizing business strategies to enhance customer satisfaction. Organizations that effectively implement CRM strategies can build strong customer relationships, foster brand loyalty, and improve profitability. With technological advancements, CRM systems have evolved from basic contact management tools to sophisticated platforms that integrate marketing, sales, customer service, and

 

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2.Your  company  manufactures  industrial  exhaust  fans  and  water  coolers.  The industry is hypercompetitive with too many players competing for the same set of customers. You are launching a product, which will change the industry. In this context how will you persuade your existing customers to buy the new product?  (10 marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

In a highly competitive industry where numerous players vie for the same customer base, launching a new product that promises to revolutionize the market presents both an opportunity and a challenge. The introduction of an innovative industrial exhaust fan or water cooler must be strategically positioned to capture customer interest, differentiate from competitors, and build strong brand loyalty. Persuading existing customers to transition to this new product requires a well-structured approach that highlights its unique value, technological advancements, and long-term benefits. Effective customer persuasion is not just about marketing but

 

3. Organisations that implement CRM are often dissatisfied and failure rates are very high.” In context of the statement:
4. What are the primary causes of dissatisfaction in CRM implementations and how do you mitigate them? (5 marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is designed to enhance customer engagement, streamline operations, and drive business growth. However, despite its potential, many organizations face dissatisfaction with CRM implementations, often leading to failure. The high failure rates stem from issues such as lack of clear strategy, poor user adoption, data management challenges, and technological mismatches. These problems not only lead to wasted investments but also hinder business performance. To ensure a successful CRM implementation, companies

 

1. What are the factors that you should consider to limit the failures in CRM projects? (5 marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

CRM implementation can be a game-changer for businesses, improving customer interactions, optimizing sales processes, and enhancing overall business efficiency. However, failure rates remain high due to poor planning, inadequate execution, and lack of user adoption. To minimize these risks, organizations must focus on key factors that ensure CRM success. These include aligning CRM with business objectives, involving stakeholders, selecting the right technology, ensuring proper training, and continuously monitoring CRM performance. A structured approach to CRM implementation significantly increases its chances

 

Consumer Behaviour

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. Critically evaluate how buying a home theatre system would be different from buying a shampoo of your choice using the Tri-component model. Use any existing brand of the above-mentioned product categories to explain the same. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Consumer behavior varies significantly across product categories due to differences in decision-making processes, emotional involvement, and perceived risks. Purchasing a high-involvement product like a home theatre system involves a more complex decision-making process than buying a low-involvement product like shampoo. The tri-component model of attitude, comprising cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, provides a framework for understanding these differences. In the case of a home theatre system, factors such as brand reputation, technical

 

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Q2. Following a public vote in which more than 37,000 people had their say, “Brainrot” has been declared that the Oxford Word of the Year for 2024. Brainrot is a term is used for low- quality online content that people binge-watch or scroll through for long periods and how this influences their product and brand choices. It is linked to social media trends, viral topics and trending topics. Please analyse how this phenomenon influences consumer buying behaviour.    (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

The term “Brainrot,” Oxford’s Word of the Year 2024, reflects the increasing influence of low-quality online content on consumer behavior. This phenomenon describes the overconsumption of repetitive, often trivial, digital media, primarily on social platforms. The ease of scrolling through viral content, trending challenges, and influencers’ recommendations has drastically

 

 

Q3. Apply the concept of Just Noticeable Difference [JND] to the following

1. Appointing brand ambassadors  –  Asian  Paints  and  Kansai  Nerolac  Paints  are planning to appoint a brand ambassador. Do you recommend that both paint companies should have a brand ambassador on the basis of JND. If yes please suggest two names of brand ambassadors – one for Asian Paints and the other for Kansai Nerolac with reasons thereof. (5 Marks)

Q3(a): Appointing Brand Ambassadors for Asian Paints and Kansai Nerolac Paints

Ans 3a.

Introduction

The concept of Just Noticeable Difference (JND) refers to the minimal change in a stimulus that a consumer can detect. For paint companies like Asian Paints and Kansai Nerolac, appointing brand ambassadors requires careful consideration to ensure that the difference is noticeable to consumers while creating a competitive edge. A well-chosen ambassador can influence brand recall, trust,

 

13. Cadbury’s Perk and Nestle’s Kitkat are 2 competing chocolates. Both want to run a promotion for Perk and Kitkat. Perk has announced a promotion on their 30 numbers x 13.8 gms bar pack size – get 10 bars more at the same price [price of 30 Bars of Perk at Rs. 150, after promotion they are giving 40 Bars at Rs. 150]. Nestle has a pack of 10 Kitkat’s of 13.8 gms each. What promotion would you recommend for Nestle’s Kitkat. Please justify the same based on JND (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

The Just Noticeable Difference (JND) concept helps marketers design promotions that are perceptible to consumers while remaining cost-effective. With Cadbury Perk offering a 33% increase in quantity for

 

Brand Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. The strategic brand management process has four main steps. Please explain and relate one of the steps namely ‘Identify and establish brand positioning and values’. You may relate this specific step to the brand ‘MAGGI’ (from Nestle).  (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Brand management is the art and science of creating and maintaining a brand’s value over time. It plays a pivotal role in ensuring that a brand not only gains customer loyalty but also remains competitive in the market. The strategic brand management process is a systematic approach used by organizations to manage their brand equity effectively. Among its four steps—identifying and establishing brand positioning and values, planning and implementing marketing programs, measuring brand performance, and sustaining brand equity—identifying and establishing brand

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Q2. Gillette Limited, world famous for its razors also has numerous products based on brand extension principles. They have products like Gillette shaving gel, foams, after- shave lotion and more. List and relate how Gillette Limited would have evaluated brand extension opportunities available to them. List at least any three brand extension opportunities identification steps.   (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Brand extension is a strategic approach in which a company leverages the equity of an established brand name to introduce new products in related or unrelated categories. It allows businesses to capitalize on customer trust, increase market share, and reduce the risks associated with launching entirely new brands. Gillette Limited, globally renowned for its razors, has successfully adopted the

 

 

Q3. McDonalds is a world-famous fast-food restaurant chain. They also have over 500 numbers of outlets in India. McDonald’s has several outlets opened through a franchisee route. McDonald’s also does innovative sales promotion ideas. By understanding certain aspects of McDonald’s story, one can understand brand management better. Answer the following questions and support MBA learning students to understand branding better by reading your notes.

1. A) Identify any  two  brand  elements  of  McDonald’s  in  India  and  provide  your understanding of the criteria based on which various brand elements are decided by McDonalds. Your answer must related to McDonalds brand elements only.         (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Brand elements are critical components that help a brand stand out, create recognition, and connect emotionally with consumers. McDonald’s has successfully utilized its brand elements to establish itself as a leading fast-food chain globally and in India. Two key brand elements of McDonald’s in India are its iconic golden arches logo and the brand mascot Ronald McDonald. These elements are carefully chosen based on criteria like memorability, relevance, adaptability, and cu

 

1. B) Identify and relate any two innovative sales promotion ideas used by McDonald’s in India and explain what may have been the purpose of doing it. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

McDonald’s employs creative sales promotion strategies to attract customers and maintain its competitive edge in the Indian market. Two standout promotional ideas are the Happy Meal with Toys and localized pricing strategies like the McSaver Menu. These initiatives demonstrate how

 

Taxation Direct and Indirect

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. Mr. Narayan, a businessman, purchased a house property on 1.5.1978 for Rs. 1,12,000. He incurred the following expenses for making some additions and alterations to the house property:

Construction cost of first floor, incurred in 1984-85, for Rs. 2,95,000.

Construction cost of second floor, incurred in 2003-04, for Rs. 8,05,000. Renovation expenses of the building, incurred in 2013-14, for Rs. 5,11,000.

The fair market value of the property as on 1.4.2001 is Rs. 9,40,000. This house property was sold by Mr. Narayan on 11.8.2018 for Rs.77,00,000  after incurring expenses of Rs.

40,000 on the transfer. The capital gains on such transfer are calculated as follows:(10 Marks)

Financial Year (FY)	Cost Inflation Index (CII)
2001-02	100
2003-04	105
2013-14	200
2018-19	280
2019-20	289
2020-21	301

 

Ans 1.

Introduction

Capital gains taxation is an essential part of direct taxation in India. When an individual sells a capital asset, such as property, the profit earned is subject to taxation under the Income Tax Act, 1961. Capital gains are classified into short-term and long-term, depending on the holding period. For immovable property, if the holding period exceeds 24 months, the gain is considered long-term capital gain (LTCG). The cost inflation index (CII) plays a crucial role in adjusting the cost of acquisition and improvement, thereby reducing the tax liability by accounting for inflation over the

 

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2. Section 28 is the charging section of profits and gains of business or profession. You are required to list and explain those 10 items of income which are chargeable to tax under the head ‘Profits and Gains of Business or Profession’ (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Section 28 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, governs the taxation of income under the head “Profits and Gains of Business or Profession.” This section ensures that all earnings derived from any business, profession, or vocation carried on by an assessee are taxed appropriately. The objective is to tax the real income earned from business operations, ensuring that all receipts related to business activities are accounted for. Business income includes not only revenue from the sale of goods or

 

3.(a) When an organization  decides to retrench certain workforce, the workmen are entitled to retrenchment  compensation  at the  time  of their  retrenchment.  You are required    to   explain    the   taxability    of   such    Retrenchment    Compensation. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Retrenchment compensation is the severance payment made to employees when an organization reduces its workforce due to redundancy, financial constraints, or business closure. The payment is made as per the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. While such compensation provides financial security to the retrenched employees, its taxation is governed by the Income Tax

 

3.(b): Different rates of TDS are prescribed for different items depending on the type of payment. You are required to list down 5 of these types of payment along with the relevant section and the rate of TDS.  (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) is a system under which tax is collected at the point of origin of income. The Income Tax Act mandates the deduction of tax at prescribed rates before making certain types of payments. The rate of TDS varies depending on the nature of the payment and the category of the recipient, ensuring proper tax compliance and timely collection

 

Strategic Cost Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. New Era Corp., a mid-sized manufacturing company, has been struggling with inefficiencies in its  budget  allocations.  For  years,  the  company  relied  on incremental budgeting, where previous year’s expenses were carried forward with minor adjustments. Over time, this led to certain departments hoarding funds they didn’t necessarily need, while other critical areas remained underfunded.

Facing   increasing   competition   and   pressure   to   improve   profitability,   the management decided to overhaul their budgeting process. They proposed shifting to a zero-based budgeting (ZBB) system, where every expense would have to be justified from scratch for each new budgeting cycle. The finance team welcomed the opportunity to streamline spending but raised concerns about the time and resources  required  to  implement  ZBB.  Department  heads  expressed  mixed reactions—some saw it as a chance to highlight their real needs, while others worried about the effort involved in preparing detailed justifications for every cost. After a six-month trial run with ZBB, the company observed some significant changes. Now, the management must decide whether to fully adopt ZBB across the organization  or  return  to  the  traditional  budgeting  approach.  What  are  the advantages  and  disadvantages  of  adopting  a  zero-based  budgeting  system  as observed in this case?      (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Budgeting plays a crucial role in financial planning and resource allocation for any organization. New Era Corp., a mid-sized manufacturing company, faced inefficiencies due to its reliance on incremental budgeting, which led to misallocation of funds and reduced financial agility. To address this issue, the company considered implementing Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB), a process where each department must justify every expense for each budgeting cycle. The shift aimed to eliminate wasteful spending and allocate resources more effectively. However, this change brought mixed reactions from employees—while some saw it as an opportunity to optimize funds, others found the process cumbersome. After a six-month trial, the management faced a key decision: whether to fully adopt ZBB or revert to traditional budgeting. This case

 

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2. Mindset Ltd., a manufacturing company producing Product A and Product B, is facing challenges in accurately allocating overhead costs using the traditional costing system. To address this, the management has decided to implement an Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system to ensure a fair allocation of costs and better decision-making. The following data is available:

Overhead Costs and Activity Drivers:

Activity	Total Overhead Cost	Activity Driver	Total Activity
Machine Setup	₹50,000	Number of setups	100 setups
Quality Inspection	₹60,000	Number of inspections	120 inspections
Material Handling	₹40,000	Number of material movements	80 movements

 

Activity Driver Usage by Products:

Activity Driver	Product A	Product B
Number of setups	60 setups	40 setups
Number of inspections	80 inspections	40 inspections
Number of material movements	50 movements	30 movements

 

Allocate overhead costs to Product A and Product B using activity-based costing. Calculate the overhead cost per unit for each product if units produced of product A are 1000 and that of product B are 500. What insights do the results share?  (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Accurate allocation of overhead costs is crucial for manufacturing firms to ensure fair pricing and effective decision-making. Mindset Ltd., which produces Product A and Product B, faced inefficiencies using the traditional costing system. This method often assigns overheads arbitrarily, leading to inaccurate product costing and potential profitability issues. To improve cost allocation accuracy, the company decided to adopt Activity-Based Costing (ABC). ABC assigns overhead costs based on actual resource consumption through activity drivers such as machine setups, quality inspections, and material handling. By implementing ABC, Mindset Ltd. aims to achieve more precise cost allocation, leading to better pricing strategies, resource optimization, and overall

 

 

3. Delta Ltd. is  a  mid-sized  manufacturing  company  specializing  in  high-quality kitchen appliances. Their flagship product, the ‘SmartCook Pro’, is gaining popularity, but the management team is concerned about fluctuating profit margins due to rising raw material costs and competitive pricing pressures.

To address these challenges, DEF Ltd.  wants to use Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis to better understand the relationship between their costs, production volume, and profit. They need insights into the breakeven point, the sales volume required to meet a target profit, and how changes in variable costs or selling prices might impact their financial performance. The company has set a selling price of ₹2,000 per unit, incurs variable costs of ₹1,200 per unit, and has total fixed costs of ₹8,00,000.

The management also plans to introduce a discount strategy, reducing the selling price to ₹1,800 per unit to boost sales, and they wish to evaluate its impact on profitability.  Using  CVP  analysis,  they  aim  to  make  informed  decisions  on production levels and pricing strategies.

1. Based on the current pricing strategy, calculate the breakeven point in units. What is break-even analysis and what does these number of units signify? (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Break-even analysis is a financial tool used by businesses to determine the level of sales required to cover total costs, where no profit or loss occurs. Delta Ltd., a manufacturer of kitchen appliances, seeks to understand its breakeven point for the ‘SmartCook Pro’ to navigate rising material costs and competitive pricing pressures. By calculating the breakeven point, the company can establish a foundation for pricing and production decisions to maintain

 

1. If Delta Ltd. reduces the selling price to ₹1,800 per unit to achieve a target profit of ₹4,00,000, calculate the number of units they need to sell? (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Delta Ltd. plans to reduce the selling price of the ‘SmartCook Pro’ to ₹1,800 per unit to attract more customers. However, the management wants to determine how many units they need to sell to achieve a target profit of ₹4,00,000. Using Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis, we can calculate the required sales volume to ensure profitability under the new

 

Marketing of Financial Services

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1.  How  does  the  strategic  allocation  of  assets  contribute  to  the  overall  effectiveness  of Financial Planning, and what are the key considerations and benefits that individuals or organizations should keep in mind when implementing an asset allocation strategy? How come this Asset Allocation Strategy involves understanding the importance of diversification, risk management, and aligning asset with long-term financial goals? Explain the pedagogics from Financial Planner Perspective.  (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Strategic asset allocation plays a fundamental role in financial planning, ensuring that investments align with long-term objectives while effectively managing risks. It involves distributing assets across various investment categories, such as equities, fixed income, real estate, and alternative investments, to optimize returns based on an investor’s risk tolerance and financial goals. This process is particularly crucial for both individuals and organizations, as it lays the foundation for wealth preservation and growth. By implementing a well-structured asset allocation strategy, investors can achieve financial stability, reduce exposure to market volatility, and enhance portfolio performance over time. The approach incorporates principles of diversification, risk assessment, and goal alignment to create a resilient financial plan that withstands economic

 

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Q2. How do Indian commercial banks employ innovative marketing strategies to promote their financial  services,  and  what  impact  does  this  have on  consumer  behavior  and  the  broader banking industry? This includes understanding the role of digital marketing, customer segmentation, and product differentiation in enhancing the visibility and adoption of financial products. How these marketing efforts shape industry trends and consumer preferences. Ultimately, explain the paradigm highlights the critical role of marketing in the success of commercial banks in India.       (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Indian commercial banks operate in a highly competitive and evolving financial landscape, where innovative marketing strategies play a crucial role in driving customer engagement, product adoption, and overall market penetration. The rapid digital transformation, changing consumer expectations, and regulatory advancements have compelled banks to adopt modern marketing techniques to remain competitive. With the rise of fintech firms and digital payment solutions, banks are leveraging digital marketing, customer segmentation, and product differentiation to attract and retain customers. These strategies not only enhance the visibility of financial services but also shape consumer behavior by influencing banking preferences and service adoption. The impact of such marketing efforts extends beyond individual consumers, fostering

 

 

Q3A. In what ways is the Indian government enhancing community welfare through the marketing of financial services at post offices and other public venues, and how does this initiative impact the broader financial inclusion landscape? This involves examining the role of government-sponsored programs and initiatives in promoting financial literacy and access to banking services.   (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

The Indian government has been actively promoting financial services through post offices and public venues to enhance community welfare and financial inclusion. By leveraging an extensive network of post offices and government-backed initiatives, financial services such as savings schemes, insurance, and credit facilities are made accessible to rural and underserved populations. These efforts bridge the gap between traditional banking and unbanked individuals, ensuring broader financial literacy and economic empowerment. Government programs play a pivotal role in fostering financial security, improving savings habits, and driving inclusive growth by

 

Q3B. How the Digital Marketing plays an influential Role in Customer Relationship Management? Elaborate any 4 to 5 Distinct features of CRM Digital Marketing Cruciality / Importance for Banks & Other Institutions Financial Services Marketing.  (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Digital marketing has revolutionized customer relationship management (CRM) in financial services by enabling banks and financial institutions to engage with customers in a more personalized and efficient manner. CRM integrated with digital marketing tools allows businesses to analyze customer preferences, track interactions, and provide tailored financial solutions. In the competitive financial sector, customer retention and satisfaction are key priorities, and digital marketing

 

Cost & Management Accounting

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. The stock in hand of material as on 1st September was 500 units at Rs. 10 per unit. The following purchases and issues were subsequently made. Prepare the Stores Ledger Account showing how the value of the issues would be recorded under FIFO method.  (10 Marks)

Purchases

6th Sept. 100 units at Rs. 11

20th Sept. 700 units at Rs. 12

27th Sept. 400 units at Rs. 13

13th Oct. 1,000 units at Rs. 14

20th Oct. 500 units at Rs. 15

17th Nov. 400 units at Rs. 16

Issues

9th Sept. 500 units

22nd Sept. 500 units

30th Sept. 500 units

15th Oct. 500 units

22nd Oct. 500 units

11th Nov. 500 units

Ans 1.

Introduction

Cost and Management Accounting plays a crucial role in tracking, controlling, and optimizing the costs associated with production and inventory management. One of the key aspects of inventory valuation in cost accounting is the application of different costing methods to assess the value of issued stock. Among various inventory valuation methods, the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) method is widely used to ensure that older inventory costs are charged to production or

 

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Q2. Discuss the role of management accounting in shaping strategic decisions within an organization. Provide examples of how management accounting practices can influence long-term planning and sustainability.  (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Management accounting plays a crucial role in modern businesses by providing essential financial and non-financial data that supports strategic decision-making. It focuses on analyzing costs, forecasting financial trends, budgeting, and evaluating business performance. Unlike financial accounting, which primarily serves external stakeholders, management accounting is an internal tool that helps organizations align their operations with long-term strategic goals.

The ability to make

 

 

Q3 (a) Calculate Break-Even Point from the following particulars. Fixed Cost Rs.1,50,000

Variable cost per unit Rs.10

Selling price per unit Rs.15  (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

The break-even point (BEP) is a critical financial metric that helps businesses determine the level of sales required to cover total costs, ensuring no profit or loss. It represents the point at which total revenue equals total expenses. Understanding BEP is essential for businesses as it aids in pricing decisions, cost control, and profit planning. By calculating the break-even point, organizations can set realistic sales targets, plan cost structures, and analyze their financial

 

 

Q3 (b) Analyze the differences between standard costing and budgetary control. How do these tools help in managing operational performance within an organization?    (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Standard costing and budgetary control are essential tools in cost management and performance evaluation within organizations. Both approaches help in setting financial benchmarks and tracking deviations to improve efficiency. While standard costing focuses on establishing pre-

 

Corporate Finance

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. Mr. Joshi is the Finance Manager at M/s Vriddhi Impex. The Company is looking at lateral growth and diversification into garment making from cloth making. For doing this, there needs to be put up a factory with all the latest machinery for cutting and stitching garments. The cost of acquisition of land, setting up the factory and buying the machinery works out to Rs. 100 lacs. It is estimated that the project will start generating revenue immediately from year 1. The Net revenue (after tax) for the next 5 years is Rs. 20 lacs, 30 lacs, 35 lacs, 45 lacs, 48 lacs.

A new loan is available to Vridhi Impex at 9% p.a. interest rate (net of tax). Mr. Joshi has another proposal which gives him a return of 12% p.a. and hence he does not want to invest below this rate.

Assist  Mr. Joshi  to evaluate the project  proposal using  NPV  and  IRR.  (Show  all calculations for comparing it with the alternative proposal also). Should he go ahead with the project proposal?     (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Corporate finance focuses on strategic financial planning, investment decisions, and optimizing resources to enhance business growth and shareholder value. One of the critical aspects of corporate finance is capital budgeting, which involves evaluating potential investments and their profitability. Common tools for project evaluation include Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), which assess the viability of projects based on cash flow projections

 

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2. Parag is evaluating 3 options for investment of his surplus money of Rs. 15,00,000/- for a period of 5 years.
3. Invest it in a Debenture which gives him a return of 12% compounded quarterly.
4. Invest in a Corporate Deposit at a rate of 9% compounded bi-annually.

iii. Invest it in a Business Proposal which gives him the following returns.

Considering the risk involved, the discounting factor is considered @ 11%.

 

Year	CF
1	250,000
2	350,000
3	575,000
4	525,000
5	645,000

 

As his finance advisor which option would you suggest him. Provide reasons.  (10 marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Investment decisions are critical for maximizing returns on surplus funds while managing associated risks. Evaluating investment options involves considering the time value of money, the nature of returns, and the risk-reward tradeoff. This requires the use of financial techniques like future value (FV) and Net Present Value (NPV), which provide a clear understanding of the profitability and feasibility of

 

 

3. a) In the following Balance sheet, calculate the Current Ratio and the Acid Test Ratio for both years Mar 2024 and Mar 2023. What do they indicate about the company’s financial position and the movement over the years? (5 Marks)

Tata Motors
Standalone Balance Sheet	——————- in Rs. Cr. —————– —
	Mar 24	Mar. 23
EQUITIES AND LIABILITIES
SHAREHOLDER’S FUNDS
Equity Share Capital	766.50	766.02
Total Share Capital	766.50	766.02
Reserves and Surplus	29,374.83	21,701.37
Total Reserves and Surplus	29,374.83	21,701.37
Money Received Against Share Warrants	–	–
Total Shareholders Funds	30,141.33	22,467.39
	1.72	2.46
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long Term Borrowings	5,235.67	10,445.70
Deferred Tax Liabilities [Net]	49.78	51.16
Other Long Term Liabilities	1,392.16	1,411.78
Long Term Provisions	1,936.92	1,588.75
Total Non-Current Liabilities	8,614.53	13,497.39
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Short Term Borrowings	8,535.37	8,426.74
Trade Payables	8,826.46	7,162.60
Other Current Liabilities	8,830.41	9,805.30
Short Term Provisions	1,133.92	408.89
Total Current Liabilities	27,326.16	25,803.53
Total Capital And Liabilities	66,083.74	61,770.77
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Tangible Assets	11,990.26	12,129.14
Intangible Assets	2,353.79	2,413.18
Capital Work-In-Progress	645.03	575.65
Intangible Assets Under Development	588.92	509.30
Fixed Assets	15,578.00	15,627.27
Non-Current Investments	30,315.57	29,181.62
Deferred Tax Assets [Net]	1,558.65	1,477.26
Long Term Loans And Advances	101.89	114.40
Other Non-Current Assets	3,321.96	3,870.27
Total Non-Current Assets	50,876.07	50,270.82
CURRENT ASSETS
Current Investments	1,993.50	3,142.96
Inventories	3,470.38	3,027.90
Trade Receivables	2,765.16	2,307.72
Cash And Cash Equivalents	5,150.96	1,414.65
Short Term Loans and Advances	132.19	132.29
Other Current Assets	1,695.48	1,474.43
Total Current Assets	15,207.67	11,499.95
Total Assets	66,083.74	61,770.77

 

 

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Analyzing a company’s financial position is essential for understanding its short-term liquidity and ability to meet immediate obligations. Two critical metrics for this purpose are the Current Ratio and the Acid Test Ratio (Quick Ratio). These ratios measure a firm’s ability to cover current liabilities using its current assets. The financial health of Tata Motors for the financial years ending March 2024

 

8. b) Monica has a debenture of Face value Rs. 100/- @ 8.5%. Calculate its current yield if: (5 Marks)
9. i) Market Price is Rs. 98.90
10. ii) Market Price is Rs. 95.20 iii) Market Price is Rs. 105

What inference can you draw from this about the relation between Market price and yield?

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Debentures are fixed-income securities that offer periodic interest payments, called the coupon rate, based on their face value. However, the return an investor actually earns depends on the market price at which the debenture is purchased. This return is known as the Current Yield, which is the effective yield an investor earns relative to the market price. By calculating the current yield for Monica’s

 

Capital Market and Portfolio Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. Mr. A is looking to invest some of his savings for the future. He has two options: stocks and bonds. He decides to visit his friend Mr. B, who is an experienced investor, to ask for some advice. Mr. B said “Think of stocks like owning a piece of a company. When you buy stocks, you’re actually buying a small share of that company. But bonds are like loans you give to companies or governments. When you buy a bond, you’re lending them money, and they promise to pay you back with interest over a set period. From investment adviser’s point of view how will you differentiate stock & bond?  (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Investing is an essential part of financial planning, and understanding different investment options is crucial for making informed decisions. Among the various investment avenues, stocks and bonds are two of the most common financial instruments used by investors to grow wealth. While both serve as vehicles for investment, they differ fundamentally in terms of ownership, risk, returns, and overall purpose. Stocks represent equity ownership in a company, offering the potential for high returns along with higher risks. On the other hand, bonds are fixed-income securities that act as loans to governments or corporations, providing stable and predictable returns. From an investment

 

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Q2. John, a new investor, is interested in putting his money into mutual funds but is worried about the risk. Suppose you are investing in mutual fund from several years, as a friend explain the different types of mutual funds that can help John in diversifying risk. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Mutual funds have become one of the most popular investment options for individuals seeking diversification, professional management, and long-term wealth creation. For new investors like John, mutual funds provide an opportunity to invest in a diversified portfolio without requiring extensive market knowledge. However, concerns about risk are common, and understanding different types of mutual funds can help mitigate these fears. Mutual funds cater to various investment objectives, risk tolerances, and time horizons, making them suitable for a wide range of investors. By selecting the right mix of

 

Q3a. Alpha takes in to an account the volatility of an asset & compares its risk adjusted performance to an already established benchmark index. If portfolio return is 30%, the risk-free rate is 8%, beta is 1.1, and the benchmark index return is 20% calculate alpha. (5 Marks)

 

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Alpha is a crucial metric in portfolio management that measures an investment’s excess return relative to a benchmark index. It accounts for the volatility of an asset and evaluates its risk-adjusted performance. A positive alpha indicates that the investment has outperformed the market, whereas a negative alpha suggests underperformance. Investors and fund managers use alpha to assess the effectiveness of their investment strategies. In this case, we will calculate alpha using the given data, including portfolio return, risk-

 

 

1. Arbitrage pricing theory helps investors to determine whether an asset is undervalued or overvalued. On the basis of this information investors can decide invest or not to invest. Arbitrage Pricing Theory is based on some assumption describe few of them. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) is an advanced asset pricing model that helps investors determine whether an asset is undervalued or overvalued based on various economic factors. Unlike the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), APT considers multiple macroeconomic variables affecting stock prices. The theory assumes that asset returns can be explained by a linear relationship with multiple risk factors. By identifying

 

International Business

April 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. A lot of products made in China dominate our markets and have made production unprofitable for Indian manufacturers. What would be your view on allowing the entry of Chinese products in India?   (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

The influx of Chinese products into Indian markets has significantly reshaped domestic industries, raising concerns over economic sustainability, local manufacturing viability, and trade imbalances. China, known for its cost-effective and mass-scale manufacturing capabilities, has flooded Indian markets with affordable alternatives in sectors such as electronics, textiles, and consumer goods. While these imports benefit Indian consumers by providing cheaper alternatives, they pose a serious threat to domestic industries, particularly small and medium enterprises (

 

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Q2. Leading critics of WTO including economists such as Dani Rodrik and Ha Joon Chang have submitted that WTO only serves the interests of MNCs, undermines local development, penalizes poor countries and is causing increase in inequality. Express your view on the above and suggest the changes that in your opinion can bring improvement to the developing countries.    (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 with the objective of promoting free and fair global trade by reducing trade barriers, resolving disputes, and ensuring that international trade flows smoothly. However, over the years, the organization has faced criticism from leading economists such as Dani Rodrik and Ha-Joon Chang, who argue that it disproportionately benefits multinational corporations (MNCs) while undermining local industries in developing countries.

Critics contend that WTO policies,

 

 

Q3. Read the following case study carefully and then answer the questions that follow: French company Jeanne Oliver Perfumes is contemplating to introduce a perfume by the brand  name  SK,  named  after  an  Indian  charismatic  celebrity  Shah  Rukh  Khan.  The perfume is available in two variants, SK Silver for men and SK Gold for Women. The perfumes are packaged in 100ml pump spray bottle. The strategy would be to capture a large number of consumers who are oriented towards film celebrities. Advertising is also planned through television satellite channels and magazines. You are required to analyze the following:

 

1. In your opinion what pricing strategy you would like to apply during the launch of the product? (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Pricing strategy plays a critical role in the successful launch of a new product, especially in a competitive market like the perfume industry. Jeanne Oliver Perfumes, with its SK brand endorsed by Shah Rukh Khan, aims to capture a large consumer base attracted to film celebrities. Given the brand association and the premium nature of perfumes, selecting the right pricing strategy is crucial. The pricing should reflect the brand’s positioning, market competition, and perceived

 

1. Due to low cost of manufacturing in India the French company wishes to export the product from India to other countries. Examine in your view the various type market entry strategies available to the French company and which strategy would you use to market the product? (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Jeanne Oliver Perfumes plans to manufacture SK Perfume in India due to lower production costs and export it to international markets. Choosing the right market entry strategy is crucial for ensuring a smooth expansion while maintaining cost efficiency and brand control. Various strategies, such as exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, and direct investment, can be considered. The choice of

 

Project Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

 

1. What is a project charter? Develop a project charter for a Metro-rail project (e.g. Bhubaneswar Metro-rail project) and discuss the typical elements of the charter. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

A project charter is a critical document in project management that officially authorizes a project and provides a structured framework for its execution. It outlines the project’s objectives, scope, stakeholders, and key deliverables while granting the project manager the necessary authority to proceed. The project charter acts as a reference document that aligns the project with strategic goals and ensures that all involved parties share a common understanding of the project’s vision and expected outcomes.

Large infrastructure projects like metro-rail systems depend on the project charter to define duties, establish expectations, and

 

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2. India is set to launch its own space station, named “Bharatiya Antriksh Station,” by 2035, as announced by Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State for Science and Technology. Construct a WBS (Work break-down structure) for the project. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

India has set its sights on an ambitious space mission, the development of its own space station, Bharatiya Antriksh Station, which is expected to be fully operational by 2035. This initiative, led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), marks a significant milestone in India’s space exploration journey, positioning the country as a major player in independent human spaceflight capabilities. The space station will serve as a research platform for scientific experiments, technological advancements, and deep-space exploration.

This size project demands careful planning, organisation, and execution, which a Work Breakdown Structure helps with (WBS).  A WBS organises project activities hierarchically, clarifying scope, resource

 

 

3. Budget 2024 Highlights: Road infrastructure project Bharatmala Pariyojana gets a boost Budget 2024: Budget 2024 raised the allocation for the Road Ministry marginally to ₹2.78 lakh crore from Rs 2.7 lakh crore. Out of the outlay, ₹1.68 lakh crore is earmarked for investment in NHAI for the development of national highway corridors under Bharatmala Pariyojana.

The Bharatmala Pariyojana is an ambitious infrastructure project of the government. It was launched in 2015. The programme aims to transform the country’s road infrastructure by building a robust, safe and efficient network of highways to connect major industrial zones, state centres and remote areas across the country. The programme is being executed under the administrative control of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation, and the roads wing of the ministry are the implementing agencies for Bharatmala Pariyojana.

To give a boost to the road infrastructure, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had increased the allocation to the Road Transport Ministry by 36% to ₹2.7 lakh crore in Union  Budget  2023  from  ₹1.99  lakh  crore  in  FY  2022-23.Budget  2024  raised  the allocation for the Road Ministry marginally to ₹2.78 lakh crore. Out of the outlay, ₹1.68 lakh crore is earmarked for investment in NHAI for the development of national highway corridors under Bharatmala Pariyojana.

1. Explain the various characteristics/features of Bharatmala Pariyojana. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Bharatmala Pariyojana is a flagship infrastructure project initiated by the Government of India in 2015 to enhance road connectivity and strengthen the national highway network. The project aims to bridge the existing infrastructure gaps by constructing highways, expressways, and economic corridors across the country. It seeks to improve logistics efficiency, reduce travel time, and facilitate seamless movement of goods and passengers. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)

 

 

1. Discuss in brief the different activities to be executed during the project life cycle of the Bharatmala Pariyojana project. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

The execution of the Bharatmala Pariyojana follows a structured project life cycle, consisting of multiple phases from conceptualization to completion. Given the large-scale nature of the project, each phase involves extensive planning, stakeholder collaboration, and execution of multiple activities. The project is expected to be completed in phases, ensuring efficient resource allocation and timely progress. The primary implementing agencies, including NHAI and NHIDCL, oversee project

 

Compensation & Benefits

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. You are an HR Manager of newly established organization i.e. ABC Pvt. Ltd. It is a manufacturing organization of readymade garments. The worth of the job decides the salary structure which will be given to employees recruited for a particular job role. Being the HR Manager, you need to explain various methods which you can use for job evaluation by giving suitable examples. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Job evaluation is a systematic process used by organizations to determine the relative value of different job roles within the company. As an HR Manager at ABC Pvt. Ltd., a newly established garment manufacturing firm, it is crucial to develop a fair and transparent salary structure that aligns with the responsibilities and requirements of each job position. Job evaluation helps in ensuring internal equity, external competitiveness, and overall employee satisfaction. By

 

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2. Ram and Rahul are two individuals working in two different organizations. Ram is paid based on number of units manufactured in a period whereas Rahul receives hike in the current year based on performance in the previous year. Identify the pay systems used by both organizations and explain other pay systems in detail. What is the utility of both pay systems as employed in both the organizations. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Compensation plays a crucial role in employee motivation, productivity, and job satisfaction. Organizations use different pay systems to ensure fair compensation while aligning with business objectives. Ram and Rahul represent two distinct pay structures. Ram’s compensation is based on the number of units he manufactures, which indicates a piece-rate pay system,

 

 

3. Mr. Vardhan wants to design a competitive compensation policy for its sales team.

The sales team since is responsible for the productivity and growth of organization, therefore Mr. Vardhan wants to employ a scientific and rational method to compensate the sales team. Considering above scenario, Answer the following questions.

1. A) Explain the rationale of designing a sales compensation plan. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

A well-structured sales compensation plan is crucial for driving the performance and motivation of a sales team. Since sales professionals directly contribute to revenue generation and business growth, their compensation must be designed to encourage productivity, reward high performance, and align with organizational goals. Mr. Vardhan’s objective is to implement

 

1. B) What factors are kept in mind by HR Practitioner while designing a Sales compensation plan for Mr. Vardhan. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Designing an effective sales compensation plan requires careful consideration of various factors to ensure it motivates employees, aligns with business goals, and remains competitive in the market. Mr. Vardhan, in his quest to develop a rational compensation structure, must focus on multiple elements such as market trends, business strategy, role-specific factors, and

 

Industrial Relations & Labour Laws

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. ABC Textiles, a mid-sized manufacturing company, has been facing disputes between its management and workers over issues like wages, working conditions, and overtime policies. The workers’ union has requested a meeting to discuss and resolve these disputes through collective bargaining. The management, however, is hesitant, citing concerns over transparency and control.

As the newly appointed HR Consultant at ABC Textiles, propose a structured framework for resolving disputes between management and workers over wages, working conditions, and overtime policies through collective bargaining. Your response should include: a detailed approach to collective bargaining, key differences between collective bargaining and cooperation, conditions for successful negotiations in the Indian context, and an outline of roles and responsibilities for negotiation teams.    (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction
Industrial relations play a crucial role in ensuring harmony between management and workers in any manufacturing setup. In India, the textile sector, being labor-intensive, often faces disputes related to wages, working conditions, and overtime policies. These disputes, if not addressed effectively, can lead to strikes, lockouts, and reduced productivity. ABC Textiles, a mid-sized manufacturing company, is currently experiencing such tensions between its management and workers. The workers’ union has proposed collective bargaining as a means to address these issues,

 

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2. Priya, a manager at a manufacturing company, informs her employer about her pregnancy and requests maternity leave benefits under the Maternity Benefit Act. However, the employer refuses, citing a lack of clarity on the conditions of payment and claiming that her recent absenteeism disqualifies her. Priya argues that she meets all the conditions stipulated by the Act.

Analyze the provisions of the Maternity Benefit Act concerning conditions of payment, prohibition of employment, and maternity benefits, discuss how the objects of the Act and key definitions apply to Priya’s case, and recommend a course of action for her to assert her rights and ensure compliance by her employer.  (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction
The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, is a crucial piece of legislation aimed at safeguarding the rights of working women by ensuring they receive adequate maternity benefits. It applies to all establishments employing ten or more employees and is designed to provide financial security, job protection, and health benefits to pregnant women. Priya, a manager at a manufacturing company, has rightfully requested maternity leave benefits under this Act. However, her employer has refused, citing unclear payment conditions and previous absenteeism as disqualifying

 

 

 

3a. XYZ Manufacturing employs a significant number of daily-wage workers. Recently, during a compliance audit, it was discovered that certain workers were being paid less than the minimum wage prescribed by the state government. The management claims this was due to a lack of clarity on minimum wage laws.

As the HR Compliance Officer, explain the obligations of an employer under the Minimum Wages Act to ensure compliance and outline the penalties for non-compliance with the Act.

Ans 3a.

Introduction
The Minimum Wages Act, 1948, is a critical piece of labor legislation aimed at ensuring fair compensation for workers, preventing exploitation, and promoting economic justice. The Act mandates employers to pay wages that meet or exceed the minimum wage prescribed by the respective state governments. In the case of XYZ Manufacturing, the compliance audit revealed wage violations,

 

 

3b. A worker at ABC Construction suffered a severe injury while operating machinery on-site. The management argues that they are not liable to provide compensation as the worker did not follow safety instructions. However, the worker claims the injury occurred due to faulty equipment provided by the employer.

As a legal advisor, evaluate whether the employer is liable under the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923, for a worker’s injury caused by machinery on-site, considering the worker’s claim of faulty equipment and the employer’s defense of non-compliance with safety instructions. Additionally, discuss the relevance of the 2009 amendments to the Act in this context.     (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction
The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923, provides financial relief to workers who suffer injuries during employment. It holds employers accountable for workplace injuries, ensuring compensation irrespective of fault. In the case of ABC Construction, the management argues that the worker’s non-compliance with safety instructions absolves them of liability. However, the worker claims that faulty machinery provided by the employer caused the injury. This situation

 

Manpower Planning, Recruitment and Selection

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. Establishing a solid manpower planning process ensures steady supply of talented professionals for essential profiles. As a Manpower Planning Strategist, analyse the various steps involved in this process which would help an IT firm hire and place the best talents from the industry. Add relevant examples. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In today’s highly competitive IT industry, manpower planning plays a crucial role in ensuring that organizations have the right talent at the right time. With the rapid evolution of technology, companies need to anticipate workforce requirements and strategically hire skilled professionals to remain competitive. A well-defined manpower planning process helps IT firms align their

 

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2. Labour stocktaking helps HR managers work proactively during the hiring season to lineup relevant employees as per the organisational requirements.  In this context, evaluate the different benefits of labour stocktaking in a manufacturing firm. Add suitable examples.     (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Labour stocktaking is a crucial workforce management practice that allows HR managers in manufacturing firms to assess and analyze the availability, skills, and performance of their employees. In an industry where workforce efficiency directly impacts production output and profitability, ensuring the right talent is available at the right time is vital. Labour stocktaking helps manufacturing firms proactively plan for hiring, training, and workforce deployment to meet

 

3. The CEO of Sky High Aviation is worried about employee attrition. You have been hired as the HR Consultant for the firm. In this context, answer the following:
4. Evaluate various qualitative methods for demand forecasting and justify which one do you think is the best. Add examples (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Employee attrition poses a significant challenge to organizations, especially in highly specialized industries such as aviation. Effective manpower forecasting helps firms anticipate workforce requirements and implement strategies to retain employees. Qualitative methods of demand forecasting rely on expert judgment, experience, and industry insights to predict

 

b.Analyze  the  different  statistical  methods  under  quantitative  techniques  for manpower forecasting. Justify the best method according to you. Add examples (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Quantitative manpower forecasting methods use statistical techniques to predict future workforce requirements based on historical data and mathematical models. These methods provide data-driven insights that help organizations make accurate staffing decisions. For Sky High Aviation, utilizing quantitative techniques is essential to mitigate employee attrition and ensure

 

Organisation Culture

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. Understanding Schein’s Model of Organisational Culture

Critically evaluate Edgar Schein’s three levels of organisational culture (artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions). How do these levels interact to shape an organisation’s culture? Use examples from organisations to illustrate your answer.  (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Organisational culture is a fundamental aspect of any business entity, shaping employee behavior, decision-making processes, and overall performance. One of the most influential models in understanding organisational culture is Edgar Schein’s Three Levels of Organisational Culture. Schein, a renowned organisational psychologist, proposed that culture in an organisation exists at three distinct yet interrelated levels: artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions. Each of these levels contributes to the overall work environment and affects how employees perceive and interact with the organisation. Understanding this model

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2. Application of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions in Global Organisations

Examine how Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (such as power distance, individualism vs collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance) influence workplace behaviours and management practices in multinational organisations. Provide examples to highlight the implications of these dimensions on cross-cultural management.  (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Globalisation has significantly increased the interaction between diverse cultures within multinational organisations. Managing a workforce that spans different national cultures presents both opportunities and challenges. Understanding cultural differences is essential for effective management and organisational success. Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory provides a framework for analysing how cultural values impact workplace behaviours, communication styles, and management practices. Hofstede identified key dimensions of national culture, including

 

 

3. Global Connect: Cultural Transformation in the Telecom Sector

GlobalConnect, a leading telecom provider in South Asia, has built its reputation on offering reliable network services and innovative customer solutions. However, in recent years, the company has faced significant challenges, including high employee turnover, stagnant market innovation, and declining employee engagement. These issues have been further compounded by the hyper-competitive telecom market, characterised by aggressive pricing strategies, rapid technological advancements, and shifting consumer expectations. Adding to the complexity, the organisation recently experienced a leadership transition, with key talent moving to competitors. Simultaneously, regulatory challenges, including massive default fines, have further strained the company’s resources and strategic focus.

In response to these multifaceted challenges, GlobalConnect’s leadership embarked on a cultural transformation journey aimed at revitalising its organisational culture and ensuring long-term growth. The transformation focused on fostering innovation, enhancing employee engagement, and embracing sustainability. Among the initiatives implemented, flexible work policies were introduced  to  improve employee well-being.  By  adopting  hybrid  work models  and  flexible scheduling, the company aimed to reduce burnout and enhance work-life balance, creating a more satisfied and motivated workforce.

To reignite creativity and stay ahead of market trends, GlobalConnect established innovation hubs within its major business units. These hubs provided employees with the resources and mentorship needed to propose and develop new telecom solutions, promoting a culture of experimentation and continuous learning. Simultaneously, the company undertook a core value redefinition to align with  current  workforce  expectations  and  industry  needs.  The  revised  values  emphasised collaboration, customer-centric innovation, and a commitment to environmental sustainability, forming the foundation for the company’s strategic and operational decisions.

Recognising the pivotal role of leadership, GlobalConnect launched a leadership development programme focused on building emotional intelligence and empathetic management skills. This initiative aimed to equip managers to foster trust, open communication, and team cohesion in an increasingly dynamic and demanding environment. Additionally, the company introduced transparent feedback mechanisms, including regular feedback sessions and a platform for employees to voice their ideas and concerns. This was designed to create a culture of openness and inclusivity, enabling continuous improvement and greater employee alignment with organisational goals.

To boost morale and enhance engagement, GlobalConnect implemented a comprehensive recognition and rewards programme. This initiative celebrated individual and team achievements in areas such as innovation, customer satisfaction, and sustainability, reinforcing the value of each employee’s contributions. These efforts were critical in addressing the immediate challenges faced by the organisation while laying the groundwork for a resilient and adaptable organisational culture capable of thriving in South Asia’s dynamic telecom market.

Through these strategic initiatives, GlobalConnect sought to mitigate the impact of external pressures  and  internal  disruptions,  turning its  cultural  transformation  into  a cornerstone for sustainable success. The leadership’s ability to navigate these challenges while maintaining focus on innovation, engagement, and compliance will determine the company’s ability to reclaim its competitive edge and drive future growth in the telecom industry.

 

3.a. Considering GlobalConnect’s comprehensive initiatives to revitalise its organisational culture amidst challenges such as high employee turnover, reduced innovation, declining engagement, leadership transitions, and regulatory pressures, propose a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that can effectively measure the success of these cultural interventions. How would these KPIs reflect improvements in employee well-being, innovation, and organisational adaptability? (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

GlobalConnect’s cultural transformation is designed to address challenges such as high employee turnover, reduced innovation, and declining engagement while adapting to leadership transitions and regulatory constraints. To measure the success of these initiatives, well-defined Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are essential. These KPIs must capture improvements in employee well-being, organisational adaptability, and innovation to assess the effectiveness of cultural

 

 

3.b. How should the proposed KPIs for GlobalConnect’s cultural transformation be aligned with its long-term strategic objectives to address critical issues such as sustaining organisational growth, nurturing employee engagement, improving innovation, and ensuring compliance in a highly regulated and competitive telecom market? Illustrate how these KPIs can balance immediate operational needs with enduring organisational priorities.                      (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

For GlobalConnect’s cultural transformation to sustain organisational growth, its KPIs must align with long-term strategic objectives. This requires balancing immediate operational improvements with enduring priorities such as employee engagement, innovation, and regulatory compliance. A structured KPI framework ensures that cultural initiatives remain integrated with business goals, reinforcing organisational stability while navigating market

 

Organisational Theory, Structure and Design

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. For a developing economy like India, encouraging the start-up culture is essential. In this scenario, evaluate the different necessary features of organisation – a large scale company vs a start-up. Add suitable examples. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In a developing economy like India, fostering a robust start-up ecosystem is vital for driving innovation, generating employment, and enhancing economic growth. With policies like “Startup India,” the government has demonstrated its commitment to nurturing entrepreneurial ventures. However, while start-ups serve as innovation hubs and disrupt traditional models, large-scale companies are pivotal for capitalizing on economies of scale, maintaining stability, and contributing significantly

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2. Kinetics mobile is losing market share to its competitors India. Analyse using the 7-S Framework of McKinsey to identify potential changes in the strategy of the firm to secure its market position. Evaluate various internally focussed organisational aspects that needs attention. Give suitable examples. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Kinetics Mobile, facing dwindling market share in India, must reassess its strategy and internal organizational alignment to regain its competitive edge. The Indian mobile market is highly competitive, characterized by rapid technological advancements, price-sensitive consumers, and the dominance of brands like

 

3. Ananya, the Managing Director of Summer Vibes clothing company wants to introduce a new work culture for enhancing Organisational Effectiveness. In this context, answer the following with examples:
4. Evaluate various  organisational  parameters  for  enhancing  a  clothing  company’s effectiveness.   (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Ananya, the Managing Director of Summer Vibes Clothing Company, aims to introduce a new work culture to enhance organisational effectiveness. In the competitive clothing industry, effectiveness is driven by various parameters, including operational efficiency, innovation, employee engagement, and customer satisfaction. Addressing these parameters holistically can ensure better alignment of the company’s resources, foster a positive work environment, and improve overall performance in a dynamic

 

1. Analyze the theory on the Goal Approach along with its pros and cons. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

The goal approach evaluates organisational effectiveness based on the achievement of predefined objectives. For Summer Vibes Clothing Company, this theory is highly relevant as it emphasizes aligning activities, resources, and strategies toward specific outcomes such as revenue growth, customer satisfaction, and employee productivity. However, while the approach offers a focused

 

Performance Management System

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. “Studio” is a premium brand dealing with men and women’s apparel, shoes, bags and other accessories. The brand was launched in India one year ago and will now enter the Middle East countries. The brand is available at exclusive Studio Stores and also malls and also online shopping.   Prepare a Balanced Scorecard for the Department Head at “Studio” covering one goal each in Financial, Customer, Business Process and Learning & Growth quadrant. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

“Studio” is a premium brand specializing in men’s and women’s apparel, shoes, bags, and accessories. Launched in India a year ago, the brand has gained a strong foothold through its presence in exclusive brand stores, malls, and online platforms. Now, as “Studio” expands into the Middle East market, it is crucial to establish a performance management system that ensures sustainable growth and profitability. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework offers a structured approach to evaluating and

 

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2. “Talent Star” is a recruitment agency and provides candidates to companies across different industries in India. The company is 5 years old and has 100 recruitment executives who source candidates and help meet the hiring and talent acquisition requirements of industries across India. Prepare an appraisal form using the graphic rating scale for the position of “Recruitment Executive” in “Talent Star”.      (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Talent Star is a recruitment agency that specializes in providing candidates to companies across different industries in India. Established five years ago, the company has grown into a well-recognized player in the recruitment industry. With a workforce of 100 recruitment executives, the company plays a crucial role in

 

 

3. “Health India” is a 2-year-old company based at Mumbai which focuses on organic foods and wellness products. The company has 250 employees and is looking to grow with entry to USA and Canada markets. They have recently introduced Performance Appraisal process in the company. You are the HR Manager and need to set goals for your team.

Using the concept of SMART Goals, you need to prepare 2 goals each for the following:

1. Training Manager. (5 Marks)
2. Hiring Manager. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Health India, a Mumbai-based company specializing in organic foods and wellness products, is expanding into the USA and Canada markets. With a workforce of 250 employees, the company recognizes the importance of continuous employee development to maintain productivity and adapt to evolving business needs. As part of the recently introduced performance appraisal process, setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) goals for key HR roles is crucial. The Training Manager plays a vital role in ensuring employees receive the necessary skills and knowledge to contribute effectively to business growth. Establishing clear training objectives will enhance workforce capabilities and align employee

 

Emerging Technologies: IoT, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. The government of a developing nation has initiated a smart city project aimed at improving urban living through integrated technologies. These include smart traffic systems, waste management solutions, connected public utilities, and advanced surveillance networks. While the project has garnered praise for its potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability, data privacy and cybersecurity concerns have emerged. The centralized nature of data collection and real-time monitoring exposes the system to risks such as unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and misuse of personal information. Citizens are wary of how their data is collected, stored, and used, questioning whether sufficient safeguards are in place. What strategies can governments adopt to address the security and privacy challenges in smart cities while ensuring efficient service delivery and public trust? Discuss the role of robust data governance frameworks, advanced cybersecurity measures, and citizen awareness programs in mitigating these risks. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

The rapid advancement of emerging technologies has led to the development of smart cities, integrating the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and other digital solutions to enhance urban living. Many developing nations have embraced smart city projects to improve infrastructure, optimize public services, and promote sustainability. However, these projects face critical challenges, particularly concerning data privacy and cybersecurity. The centralized collection and real-time analysis of vast amounts of personal and public data increase the risk of unauthorized access, cyber threats, and potential misuse. Citizens often question whether their

 

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2. A leading healthcare provider has begun integrating Augmented Reality (AR) into its operations to enhance patient care and improve medical training. AR applications include virtual overlays during surgeries to visualize internal organs, real-time guidance for minimally invasive procedures, and interactive 3D anatomical models for patient education. Additionally, AR is used in physical therapy by gamifying exercises to boost patient engagement and recovery rates. Despite these advancements, challenges such  as high implementation costs, technical complexity, and limited user training have emerged. There are also concerns about the reliability of AR systems in critical medical scenarios and their acceptance among healthcare professionals and patients. How can healthcare organizations effectively integrate AR into their practices to maximize its potential benefits while addressing challenges such as cost, reliability, and user adoption? Discuss the role of investment in technology, training, and stakeholder collaboration in achieving successful AR implementation in healthcare.    (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Augmented Reality (AR) is revolutionizing the healthcare industry by enhancing patient care, medical training, and surgical precision. AR applications offer real-time visual guidance for surgeries, interactive 3D anatomical models for medical education, and gamified rehabilitation programs to improve patient engagement. These innovations not only improve healthcare efficiency but also contribute to better clinical outcomes. However, the integration of AR into healthcare presents significant challenges, including high implementation costs, complex technical requirements, and the need for extensive training among medical professionals. Concerns

 

3. A prestigious educational institution has introduced Virtual Reality (VR) technology in its classrooms to enhance the learning experience. VR applications are used in subjects such as history, where students can immerse themselves in historical events, and in medical education, where future doctors can simulate surgeries and complex medical procedures. The institution has seen initial positive reactions from students, citing VR’s engaging and interactive nature. However, challenges such as the high cost of equipment, the need for technical support, and the risk of students becoming too absorbed in the virtual world have emerged.
4. a) How can educational institutions balance the benefits of VR technology with the challenges of cost and technical support? (5 Marks)
5. a) Balancing the Benefits of VR Technology with the Challenges of Cost and Technical Support

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing education by providing immersive, interactive learning experiences. Educational institutions are increasingly integrating VR into classrooms to make subjects more engaging, particularly in areas like history, science, and medical training. While VR offers numerous benefits, its adoption presents challenges such as high implementation costs, ongoing technical support requirements, and accessibility concerns. Institutions must find ways to balance these challenges while ensuring that

 

1. b) What measures should be taken to ensure that VR is used effectively for educational purposes without overwhelming students or detracting from traditional learning methods? (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Virtual Reality (VR) has transformed the educational landscape by providing immersive learning experiences that enhance student engagement and knowledge retention. However, the increasing use of VR in classrooms raises concerns about students becoming overly absorbed in virtual environments, potentially detracting from traditional learning methods. To ensure VR remains an

 

IT Infrastructure Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

1. You have been tasked with leading a training session for your IT team on enterprise-level virtualization platforms. To ensure the team understands the architecture and implementation details, how would you describe the core components of an enterprise-level virtualization platform and their roles? Also, what key implementation characteristics of these components would you highlight to ensure successful deployment and management? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Enterprise-level virtualization platforms play a crucial role in modern IT infrastructure management by enabling efficient resource utilization, scalability, and enhanced security. These platforms allow organizations to optimize their computing resources by creating multiple virtual machines (VMs) that operate independently within a shared physical infrastructure. Virtualization enhances business continuity, improves disaster recovery strategies, and reduces hardware costs.

With the rapid evolution of

 

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2. Imagine you are part of a team managing the IT infrastructure for a large e-commerce platform. During a crucial sale event, your team identifies several risks. Your manager asks you to prepare a comprehensive risk management strategy by classifying the risks to determine the appropriate response strategy for each along with the tools or methods to mitigate the risks effectively. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Managing IT infrastructure for a large e-commerce platform during a crucial sale event presents a range of challenges and risks. These risks can arise from various sources, including system failures, cybersecurity threats, traffic surges, and operational inefficiencies. A well-defined risk management strategy is essential to ensure seamless operations, protect customer data, and maintain business continuity. Effective risk classification helps in determining the appropriate response and mitigation measures for each category of risk.

Risk management involves identifying potential threats, assessing their impact, and implementing strategies to minimize or eliminate their effects. It is crucial to leverage advanced monitoring tools,

 

3. NovaTech Solutions has secured a project to manage the IT infrastructure for Zenith Dynamics, a fast-growing global fintech company. The success of the project heavily depends on a well-structured IT design and a thorough understanding of client requirements. You are responsible for orienting your team to ensure effective execution of this critical project.
4. What are the core components that lay the foundation for designing a robust IT infrastructure in an organization? (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Designing a robust IT infrastructure is essential for organizations like Zenith Dynamics to ensure seamless operations, scalability, security, and performance. A well-structured IT infrastructure supports business continuity, enhances data management, and ensures efficient IT service delivery. By incorporating key components such as networking, storage, computing resources, security frameworks, and cloud integration, organizations can build a resilient and future-proof infrastructure. Understanding and implementing these core components is critical to the success of NovaTech

1. Outline the process of requirement gathering and analysis that you would recommend your team adopt to ensure all client needs are effectively captured and addressed. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Gathering and analyzing client requirements is a critical step in the successful execution of an IT infrastructure project. For NovaTech Solutions to efficiently support Zenith Dynamics, a structured approach must be

 

IT Project Management

April 2025 Examination

 

 

 

1. Explain the need for effective Project Management in IT, detailing how project management helps in meeting deadlines, staying within budget, and ensuring the delivery of high-quality outcomes. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In the modern digital era, Information Technology (IT) projects are becoming increasingly complex, requiring structured planning, coordination, and execution. The need for effective project management in IT arises due to the rapid evolution of technology, dynamic business requirements, and stringent timelines. A well-managed IT project ensures that objectives are met while maintaining cost efficiency and adhering to quality standards. Without proper project management, IT projects may suffer from scope creep, budget overruns, and delayed delivery, ultimately impacting business operations. Organizations rely on project management

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2. Explain the concept of the Project Charter. What are its key components, and what purpose does it serve in the initiation phase of the project? How does the Project Charter formally authorize the project and outline the project’s objectives, scope, and stakeholders? (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

A Project Charter is a fundamental document in project management that serves as the formal authorization for a project to begin. It provides a high-level overview of the project, outlining its objectives, scope, stakeholders, and key deliverables. The Project Charter acts as an agreement between the project sponsor, key stakeholders, and the project manager, ensuring alignment on the project’s purpose and direction. This document is crucial in the initiation phase as it lays the

 

 

3. You have been assigned as the Project Manager for an IT project to develop a customized software solution for a client. The project involves a tight timeline, a significant budget, and high expectations from the client regarding both the scope and quality of deliverables. You are in the planning phase of the project and need to ensure that the project’s scope, budget, schedule, and risk management plans are carefully planned and documented to meet the client’s expectations and avoid potential project failures. Address the following aspects:
4. Detail how you will define the project scope. What are the key steps involved in defining the scope, and how will you ensure that the project’s deliverables are clearly identified and agreed upon by all stakeholders? What methods and tools might you use to ensure that the scope is well defined? (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Defining the project scope is one of the most critical steps in project planning, as it ensures that all project deliverables, constraints, and stakeholder expectations are well understood. A well-defined scope helps prevent scope creep, reduces ambiguities, and aligns project objectives with business goals. In an IT project with tight timelines and significant budget constraints, clarity in scope

 

1. Explain the process you would follow to develop the project schedule. How would you define the timeline for project activities, and what tools and techniques would you use to create a realistic and achievable schedule? (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Developing a project schedule is a critical aspect of project planning, ensuring that all activities are systematically planned and executed within the given timeline. A well-structured schedule helps track progress, allocate resources efficiently, and prevent project delays. In IT projects with tight deadlines, a realistic and achievable schedule is crucial to meeting client expectations