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Business Communication
April 2025 Examination
- The Mumbai Municipal Corporation (MMC) is planning a large-scale renovation of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) railway station. To ensure the project’s success, the MMC decides to hire an external contractor with expertise in historical restoration and modern infrastructure.
What key factors should the MMC consider when evaluating the bids received in response to their RFP for the CSMT renovation project? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) is a historic landmark and UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mumbai, symbolizing India’s rich architectural heritage and its role as a critical transportation hub. Renovating such a significant structure is a complex and ambitious endeavor, requiring the Mumbai Municipal Corporation (MMC) to balance historical preservation with the need for modern infrastructure upgrades. To ensure the project’s success, MMC plans to engage an external contractor through a competitive Request for
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- Aryan Industries, a textile company in Surat, is launching a new line of sustainable fabrics. They plan to use social media, email marketing, and press releases to promote their products. However, their previous marketing campaigns have been inconsistent and lacked a clear brand voice.
How can Aryan Industries ensure consistency and professionalism in their communication to project a strong and credible company image for their new sustainable fabric line? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Aryan Industries, a Surat-based textile company, aims to establish a competitive edge by launching a new line of sustainable fabrics. This initiative reflects the growing demand for eco-friendly products and the need to align with global sustainability trends. However, their previous marketing efforts have faced challenges in terms of consistency and brand voice, which can undermine their credibility and impact. To project a strong and professional image for the new product line, Aryan Industries must adopt a cohesive communication strategy tha
- A small handicraft business in rural Rajasthan, “Desert Designs,” struggled to reach customers beyond their village. They adopted a mobile-first strategy, creating an online store accessible via smartphones and utilizing social media for marketing. This allowed them to connect with customers across India, receive online payments, and significantly expand their business.
Answer the following questions in light of the information provided.
- a) How has the mobile revolution contributed to economic growth and empowerment, particularly in the Indian context? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The mobile revolution has significantly impacted India’s economic landscape, transforming how businesses and individuals interact, transact, and grow. With over a billion mobile connections and increasing smartphone penetration, especially in rural areas, mobile technology has enabled economic empowerment by providing access to information, markets, and financial services. This shift has unlocked opportunities for entrepreneurship, employment, and
- b) Discuss the role of mobile technology in bridging the digital divide and fostering inclusivity in India. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Mobile technology has been instrumental in narrowing the digital divide in India by providing affordable and accessible connectivity to diverse populations. With the widespread availability of smartphones and low-cost data plans, even remote regions have gained access to digital resources. By fostering inclusivity in education, healthcare, and governance, mobile technology has empowered marginalized communities, enhancing their participation in the digital
Business Law
April 2025 Examination
Q1. Intellectual Property Rights are an important asset for an organization. In today’s competitive business environment there is a need to protect and enforce Intellectual Property Rights. Please highlight the nature and types of Intellectual Property Rights and give one real life example on how businesses can achieve competitive advantage through Intellectual Property Rights? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are vital for fostering innovation and creativity in today’s knowledge-driven economy. They provide businesses with a legal framework to safeguard their unique creations, ideas, and inventions from unauthorized use or replication. As markets become increasingly competitive, organizations must protect their intellectual assets to maintain a competitive edge and generate long-term value. IPRs enable companies to differentiate themselves by offering distinctive products and services, thereby ensuring sustained growth. For instance, businesses leverage patents, trademarks, and copyrights to secure their intellectual contributions and prevent competitors from eroding their market share. The strategic use of
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Q2. Environment Protection is a key objective linked to business goals and it impacts organizations, if they violate laws governing environment protection. Authorities like National Green Tribunal have come down heavily on organizations that violate such laws. List down two (2) judgments/orders where the National Green Tribunal has passed orders/directions to ensure protection of environment, and which has adversely impacted businesses. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Environmental protection is an essential objective for businesses, given the growing emphasis on sustainability and the need to preserve natural resources for future generations. Regulatory bodies such as the National Green Tribunal (NGT) play a crucial role in enforcing environmental laws and ensuring compliance. The NGT, established under the National Green Tribunal Act of 2010, serves as a specialized judicial body to handle environmental disputes. It has broad powers to impose penalties, issue directives, and ensure the implementation of environmental regulations. Businesses that fail to adhere to these laws often face significant legal and
Q3. Healthcom is an Indian health tech company that has products which deploy cardiology monitoring technology in India. Healthcom’s products are always approved by the DCGI (Drug Controller General of India) and only then they are launched in India.
Healthcom has received a request from a Public Information Officer of the DCGI’s office to disclose all technical details and commercial information of the patented technology that it uses in its products. This request is based on a RTI application which the Public Information Officer has received from a consumer in India.
In light of the above facts, can you advise Healthcom on:
- A) Whether Healthcom is required to disclose such information under Right to Information Act, 2005? Can it deny the disclosing of such information especially if it is requested under Right to Information Act, 2005? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, empowers citizens to request access to information held by public authorities to promote transparency and accountability. However, the Act also includes specific exemptions to protect sensitive information. Healthcom, as a private entity, is not directly subject to RTI obligations unless its information is held by a public authority. This section examines whether Healthcom must disclose proprietary information in response to the RTI request and the legal basis for denying such a request.
Concept and
- B) List of exemptions from disclosure of information under Right to Information Act, 2005 and the relevant legal provisions. (5 Marks)
- Exemptions from Disclosure under the RTI Act, 2005
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The RTI Act, 2005, incorporates specific exemptions to balance transparency with the protection of sensitive information. These exemptions safeguard interests such as national security, personal privacy, and trade secrets. This section outlines the legal provisions that provide grounds for refusing
Decision Science
April 2025 Examination
1) Calculate Quartile Deviation from the following
|
Earnings (Rs) |
Number of Persons |
|
25 |
25 |
|
26 |
70 |
|
27 |
210 |
|
28 |
275 |
|
29 |
430 |
|
30 |
550 |
|
31 |
340 |
|
32 |
130 |
|
33 |
90 |
|
34 |
55 |
|
35 |
25 |
(10 Marks)
Here is a structured approach to writing the answer for the question on calculating Quartile Deviation:
Ans 1.
Introduction
Decision science involves using quantitative and analytical methods to aid decision-making. Quartile Deviation (QD) is a statistical tool used to measure the spread or variability in a dataset, focusing on the middle 50% of the observations. Unlike standard deviation, which considers all values in the dataset, QD emphasizes the interquartile range (IQR), providing a robust measure of dispersion unaffected
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2) Calculate Median from the following
|
Class – Interval |
Number of Students |
|
0-10 |
5 |
|
10-20 |
8 |
|
20-30 |
7 |
|
30-40 |
12 |
|
40-50 |
28 |
|
50-60 |
20 |
|
60-70 |
10 |
|
70-80 |
10 |
(10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The median is a fundamental measure in statistics, representing the middle value of a dataset when arranged in ascending order. For grouped data, the median is the class interval where the cumulative frequency reaches or exceeds half of the total observations. It provides a central value that divides the data into two equal halves, making it a robust measure of central tendency, especially for skewed distributions.
In educational contexts, calculating the median can provide insights into the performance or participation of students across intervals,
3.a) A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random one after another without replacement. Find the probability that both drawn balls are white. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Probability is a fundamental concept in mathematics, used to measure the likelihood of an event occurring. In this problem, we are calculating the probability of drawing two white balls consecutively from a bag containing 6 white and 4 black balls. Since the draws are without replacement,
3.b) In an intelligence test administered on 1000 children, the average was 42 and standard deviation was 24. Find the number of children exceeding a score of 50. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The standard normal distribution is a critical concept in statistics used to understand data behavior and probabilities. In this problem, we calculate the number of children scoring above 50 in an intelligence test where the scores are normally distributed with a mean of 42 and a standard deviation of 24. Using the Z-score and standard normal tables, we will find the probability of exceeding a score of 50 and determine the corresponding number of children. This calculation is
Essentials of HRM
April 2025 Examination
Q1). Fusion Food Mart is a family-owned Indian supermarket chain, Anil Kumar, its present Chief Executive Officer (CEO), is the grandson of the organisation’s cofounder. The company never planned too much on the HR Plan they did HR planning as and when required Anil’s daughter, Ravina, is the president of the company, appointed you to develop an HR plan for a Fusion Food Mart having branches in major towns in India: What specific external and Internal factors would be important for you to consider. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a critical aspect of organizational success, ensuring that the right people are in the right roles at the right time. Fusion Food Mart, a family-owned Indian supermarket chain with branches across major towns in India, requires a structured HR plan to address its growing operational needs and maintain its competitive edge. Anil Kumar’s legacy of ad-hoc HR planning needs transformation under the leadership of Ravina, the company’s president. A comprehensive HR plan will enable Fusion Food Mart to align its workforce with its strategic objectives, optimize resources, and adapt to the dynamic market environment. Developing
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Q2). Satya Sai InfoTech is an Information Technology Company in Hyderabad. The five year old company now wants to expand its branches to Bangalore, Gurgaon and Mumbai so they realize to create a vibrant human resource department for managing people functions. You have been appointed as their GM – HR. Explain to the company management, what will be the scope of your department in this expansion and justify the need of HR department. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The role of a Human Resource (HR) department is pivotal in ensuring organizational growth, particularly in a dynamic and competitive industry like Information Technology (IT). Satya Sai InfoTech, a five-year-old IT company based in Hyderabad, is at a critical juncture as it plans to expand its operations to Bangalore, Gurgaon, and Mumbai. Expansion into these tech-driven cities requires a robust HR framework to manage recruitment, employee engagement, compliance, and training. A vibrant HR department will ensure that the company attracts top talent, develops an inclusive work culture, and aligns its human capital with business objectives. As the newly
Q3). Rohit is working as a Sales Executive from past three years in an FMCG company. He is a very hard working and dedicated employee. His performance has also been good consistently but in the absence of good connection with the immediate boss Ashok he never got his fair share of success. In this situation he searched a job and wants to resign. He communicated the same to Ashok who is his reporting Manager. Ashok knows about his hard work and realized the injustice happened with him. Ashok knows it happened in the lack of proper appraisal system and lack of career planning but now he can’t do anything expect to lose an important talent
- A) Suggest Ashok in developing an appropriate appraisal Why the effective Performance appraisal system required? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
An effective performance appraisal system is a critical component of talent management. It ensures that employees’ efforts and achievements are recognized, fostering motivation and organizational growth. In the case of Rohit, the absence of a structured appraisal system has led to dissatisfaction and the risk of losing a valuable employee. To retain talent and prevent such issues in the future, Ashok must develop an appraisal system that is transparent, fair, and aligned with
- B) What is career planning and why it is important? In the absence of incentives does career planning help in retention? Mention all the pros and cons of career planning. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Career planning is a strategic process that helps employees identify their career goals and develop pathways to achieve them within an organization. It aligns personal aspirations with organizational opportunities, fostering a sense of purpose and direction. In the absence of financial incentives, career planning can still play a crucial role in employee retention by offering growth opportunities, skill
Operations Management
April 2025 Examination
- Discuss the importance of an effective layout design in operations management and compare the various layout types commonly implemented in manufacturing and service industries, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Then, evaluate the specific challenges and opportunities related to both electric vehicle (EV) assembly plants and traditional automotive assembly lines. Conclude by recommending the most appropriate layout for each, justifying how the chosen layout optimally addresses the distinct requirements and operational challenges of each format. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Effective layout design is a cornerstone of operations management, directly influencing productivity, cost efficiency, and customer satisfaction. The layout of a facility determines how resources, including equipment, labor, and materials, are organized and utilized. For manufacturing and service industries, layout design optimizes workflows, minimizes waste, and enhances safety. The emergence of electric vehicle (EV) assembly plants has added complexity to layout considerations, given the distinct production processes, components, and technological
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- Amazon Fresh is a prominent online grocery delivery platform that has gained popularity for its seamless operations and timely deliveries. A crucial factor contributing to its success is its advanced inventory management system. Discuss the concept of Amazon Fresh and how it differs from traditional brick-and-mortar grocery stores. Highlight various inventory management techniques commonly used in the e-commerce grocery industry and evaluate the key components and strategies implemented by Amazon Fresh to ensure operational efficiency and enhance customer satisfaction. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Amazon Fresh has emerged as a leading online grocery delivery platform, transforming how customers access daily essentials. Its business model combines convenience, a wide selection of products, and advanced technology to deliver fresh groceries directly to customers’ doorsteps. Unlike traditional brick-and-mortar grocery stores, Amazon Fresh leverages e-commerce to provide a seamless shopping experience, offering advantages like personalized recommendations, real-time
- A renowned artisanal coffee shop chain is planning to open a new mid-sized outlet in your locality. Leveraging their expertise in brewing and branding, they are confident about efficiently managing the new coffee shop’s operations. The shop’s offerings and the associated requirements are as follows:
- Standard single orders (e.g., cappuccinos, lattes): Require 1 barista for 5 minutes per order.
- Extended multiple orders (e.g., group orders): Require 2 baristas, each working for 8 minutes per order.
- Custom beverages (e.g., personalized drinks): Require 3 baristas, each working for 10 minutes per order.
The demand forecast for the next four weeks is as follows:
|
Order Type |
Anticipated Demand (Next 4 Weeks) |
|
Standard single orders |
3000 |
|
Extended multiple orders |
1500 |
|
Custom beverages |
500 |
- Estimate the aggregate capacity required to fulfill the anticipated demand for the next four weeks. If the coffee shop employs 15 baristas, working 6 days a week for 8 hours per day, calculate the current capacity available. Compare the required capacity with the available capacity to determine if the shop can meet the demand. If not, calculate the additional capacity needed. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Capacity planning is a critical component of operations management, ensuring that resources are adequately aligned with anticipated demand. For a coffee shop handling various order types, it is vital to calculate the total aggregate capacity required to meet customer demand and compare it with the available capacity. This ensures timely service, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. The following analysis estimates the aggregate capacity needed for the coffee shop’s next four weeks and evaluates whether the current staffing levels can meet this
- Propose strategies to address the issue of underutilization of capacity and calculate the number of baristas required to meet 100% capacity utilization. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Underutilization of capacity is a common challenge in operations management, leading to inefficiencies and increased costs. By optimizing resource allocation and balancing workloads, the coffee shop can enhance productivity and achieve better utilization. This section discusses
Strategic Management
April 2025 Examination
- You are the CMO of Godrej Consumer Products, and sequentially sales are dropping every quarter – and the steepest decline (~10%) has happened in in this quarter. Naturally, the management is worried about this situation. In these circumstances. Analyze the reasons for the dropping revenue. What strategic approaches would you suggest in this situation? Give valid reasons to support your answer. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Godrej Consumer Products, a leader in the Indian FMCG market, has experienced a concerning 10% decline in quarterly sales, the steepest in recent quarters. This situation poses a significant challenge to the company, given its well-established reputation for innovative and consumer-centric products. Revenue decline in FMCG companies can stem from several internal and external factors, such as changing consumer preferences, competitive pressures, ineffective marketing strategies, or macroeconomic challenges. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive analysis of the root causes to formulate effective strategies to reverse the trend. In this context, understanding the factors behind the decline and identifying actionable solutions will help
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- Given the size of the Indian market, the NBA is keen to expand into India and they have hired your Consulting firm to advise them. Describe (at least two) tools you’d use in your analysis and why you’re choosing them. Summarize your Action Plan and a high-level timeline. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
India, with its vast population, growing middle class, and increasing interest in global sports, presents a promising market for the NBA. However, the market also poses unique challenges, including a strong cultural preference for cricket and limited infrastructure for basketball. To succeed in such a diverse and dynamic environment, the NBA must develop a well-informed strategy rooted in market insights and a tailored approach. As a consulting firm, we recommend using two analytical tools—PESTLE Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces—to comprehensively evaluate the external environment and competitive landscape. These tools will provide actionable insights into
- You are the Head – Marketing Strategy for X-India. Your business is dependent on Paid Accounts and Advertising. However, despite the large number of consumers using your app, Advertising Revenue has been flat for the past 3 quarters. In this situation…
- Create a strategy to attract advertisers. Provide examples to support your answer. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
X-India, a platform with a substantial consumer base, faces the challenge of flat advertising revenue despite its large user numbers. To attract advertisers and drive growth, it is crucial to demonstrate the platform’s value, increase engagement, and create targeted opportunities for businesses. By leveraging data-driven insights and innovative advertising solutions, X-India can position itself as a high-
- Develop two strategies to communicate with your advertisers. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Effective communication with advertisers is critical to maintaining long-term relationships and ensuring mutual success. X-India must adopt clear and engaging communication strategies to convey value, address concerns, and provide advertisers with insights into campaign performance. The