nmims solved assignments June 2025 1st semester

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N M I M S SAMPLE

Business Communication

Jun 2025 Examination

PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter

Q1. Imagine you are a marketing manager for a new Indian fitness app called “FitIndia.” You aim to create a persuasive message to motivate young adults to adopt a healthier lifestyle. How would you craft your message to resonate with this target audience? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle in the digital era presents difficulties for young people who typically balance social, occupational, and educational obligations. Unhealthy eating patterns, a sedentary lifestyle, and stress have all contributed to the rise of lifestyle-related disorders including diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. FitIndia is a ground-breaking fitness app meant to make exercise accessible, interesting, and sustainable after realizing this demand. FitIndia provides tailored exercise solutions that match individual goals—whether they be weight loss, muscle gain, or general wellness by using

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Q2A. A multinational company in India with a diverse workforce recognizes the importance of inclusivity and respect in its business communication. The company aims to create a cohesive work environment where employees from all backgrounds feel valued and understood.To achieve this, the management wants to implement a strategy for using bias-free language that considers the regional and linguistic diversity of its employees.

Propose a comprehensive strategy for using bias-free language in this multicultural business environment to promote inclusivity and respect. (5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

Operating in India, a multinational firm has to acknowledge the variety of its employees—people from several language, cultural, and regional origins. Good company communication should be inclusive and respectful, so making sure every employee feels appreciated and heard. Encouragement of a good work culture, minimising misunderstandings, and a feeling of belonging all depend on using bias- free language. The approach should center on eradicating preconceptions, avoiding

Q2B. The marketing team at a company is struggling to keep up with the changing landscape of social media. They are using outdated methods and are not effectively engaging with stakeholders. The team is also not using social media to its full potential to inform, persuade, or build relationships. The CEO has called a meeting to discuss how the team can better adapt to the changing landscape of social media. Evaluate the impact of social networks on business communication and how they have transformed interactions with stakeholders? (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

The fast development of social media has changed the way companies engage with the public, employees, investors, and customers among other stakeholders. In a world first of digital nature, conventional marketing and communication techniques are insufficient. Real-time participation, brand building, and customer relationship management all find a dynamic forum in social networks. Companies who try to ignore these developments run the danger of becoming irrelevant, though.

Financial Accounting

Jun 2025 Examination

Q1. Financial Analysis of AlphaEx Ltd.

You are given the following partial financial information for AlphaEx Ltd. for the year ended March 31, 2024:

Required:

Compute the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and Gross Profit for the year ended March 31, 2024. (2 Marks)
Prepare the Income Statement (from Net Sales down to Net Income) for the year ended March 31, 2024. Clearly show each line item, including your calculations for Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, Operating Income, and Net Income after tax. (3 Marks)
Calculate the ending Retained Earnings on March 31, 2024, after the company closes its Net Income into Retained Earnings. Show your computation step by step. (2 Marks)
Using the year-end balances, compute and interpret two financial ratios—for example, the Current Ratio and the Debt-to-Equity Ratio. In a brief paragraph, discuss what these ratios indicate about AlphaEx Ltd.’s liquidity and long-term solvency. (3 Marks)

Total Marks: 10

Income Statement (Partially Reported)

Item	Amount (₹)
Net Sales	9,00,000
Beginning Inventory (April 1, 2023)	60,000
Net Purchases	3,20,000
Ending Inventory (March 31, 2024)	50,000
Operating Expenses (excluding depreciation)	1,40,000
Depreciation Expense	30,000
Interest Expense	20,000
Income Tax Rate	25%

Balance Sheet (Selected Items as at March 31, 2024)

Item	Amount (₹)
Cash & Cash Equivalents	1,00,000
Accounts Receivable	80,000
Inventory	50,000
Property, Plant & Equipment (net)	4,00,000
Accounts Payable	40,000
Long-Term Debt	2,00,000
Common Stock	1,50,000
Retained Earnings (at the beginning)	80,000

Ans 1.

Introduction

Understanding the performance, stability, and future development prospects of a company depends critically on knowledge of financial analysis. Examining financial statements—including the balance sheet and income statement—helps one evaluate profitability, liquidity, and financial situation. Financial analysis helps companies decide strategically, control spending, and increase operational effectiveness. These assessments help stakeholders and investors ascertain whether making investments in a firm is feasible. Debt-to—equity ratios and current ratios help one understand financial risk and liquidity. Examining income, expenses, assets, and liabilities helps businesses to see areas of strength and weakness. This procedure guarantees

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Q2A. A mid-sized manufacturing company has suffered significant losses over the past two years, casting doubt on its ability to continue as a going concern. Critically examine how the concept of going concern influences the accounting process in such a situation. In your analysis, discuss the ethical and professional judgments an accountant must make when deciding whether the business should continue applying going concern assumptions in its financial statements. (5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

The going concern concept in accounting states that a corporation will always operate. If a company is losing money, its survival is questioned. Accountants must determine whether the going concern assumption is still valid and present the business’s financial status. This hypothesis hurts financial transparency, liability recognition, and asset value. Financial reporting accountability and transparency rely on ethical and professional judgement. Accountants must assess legal and financial factors before using the going concern

Q2B. Financial accounting is based on fundamental principles and assumptions that guide the preparation of financial statements. However, with the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing complexity of modern business transactions, some argue that traditional accounting frameworks may no longer be sufficient. Critically evaluate the relevance of traditional financial accounting principles (such as the historical cost principle, accrual basis, and consistency) in today’s business environment. In your response, analyze potential modifications or alternative approaches that could enhance financial reporting accuracy and decision-making for stakeholders. (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

Fundamental principles in financial accounting promote uniformity, comparability, and dependability in financial reporting. Accounting concepts including historical cost, accrual basis, and consistency have long governed financial statement creation. Traditional frameworks struggle to fulfil current company demands due to technology, globalisation, and complicated financial operations. Traditional accounting procedures must be updated to include digital assets, fair value accounting, and real-time reporting. This conversation questions established accounting concepts and examines alternative methods that improve financial reporting

Marketing Management

Jun 2025 Examination

Q1. A premium home appliance brand, CoolCasa, has been facing stagnating sales despite offering high-quality, durable, and technologically advanced products. Market research indicates that younger consumers, particularly millennials and Gen Z, prefer smart, connected appliances but also focus on affordability, brand experience, and sustainability. The company’s traditional marketing approach, which emphasizes product durability and engineering excellence, seems less appealing to this segment. Question:

Based on consumer behavior principles, evaluate what key factors should CoolCasa consider to realign its marketing strategy and better appeal to younger buyers? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Premium home appliance brand CoolCasa has stagnate sales while providing technologically innovative, high-quality, lasting goods. Emphasizing durability and engineering superiority, the company’s conventional marketing strategy seems to be out of line for younger consumers—especially millennials and Gen Z. These consumers give smart, connected appliances that provide ease, affordability, sustainability, and an interesting brand experience top priority. Driven by digital revolution, sustainability issues, and

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Q2A. FreshBite Foods, a mid-sized packaged snacks brand in India, has noticed a decline in sales of its traditional fried chips among urban consumers. Market research suggests that health-conscious millennials and Gen Z consumers prefer baked, organic, or low-fat alternatives. FreshBite’s management is considering launching a new line of healthy snacks but is unsure how to understand and influence consumer buying behavior effectively.

Question:

Based on the given scenario, analyze the key factors influencing consumer buying behavior that FreshBite Foods should consider before launching its new healthy snack line. (5 Marks)

Ans 3A.

Introduction

FreshBite Foods, a mid-sized packaged snacks brand in India, has observed a decline in sales of its traditional fried chips among urban consumers. Millennials and Gen Z, who form a significant portion of the urban market, are shifting towards healthier snack alternatives, such as baked, organic, or low-fat options. This changing consumer preference is driven by increasing awareness of health and wellness, dietary consciousness, and a preference for clean-

Q2B. GlowCare, a new skincare startup in India, has launched a premium herbal face cream targeting young professionals. Despite high-quality ingredients and dermatologist endorsements, the product is struggling to gain traction in the market. Competitors with well-established brands dominate consumer trust, and many potential customers perceive GlowCare’s product as expensive. The management is now exploring ways to enhance customer value and improve brand positioning.

Question: Based on the given scenario, apply marketing principles to show how GlowCare can build customer value through its product, service, and brand strategies to gain a competitive edge. (5 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

GlowCare, a new skincare startup in India, is facing challenges in gaining traction despite offering a high-quality herbal face cream endorsed by dermatologists. The market is dominated by well-established competitors with strong brand loyalty and consumer trust. Additionally, many potential customers perceive GlowCare’s product as expensive, making it difficult to encourage trial and conversion. To overcome these challenges, GlowCare must enhance

Micro Economics & Macro Economics

Jun 2025 Examination

Q1. Rohan owns a local organic farming business that supplies fresh fruits and vegetables to supermarkets and online grocery platforms. Recently, he has seen an increase in demand due to rising consumer preference for organic produce. However, he is struggling to increase supply due to challenges such as unpredictable weather conditions, high labor costs, rising transportation expenses, and government farming regulations. As an agricultural consultant, analyze the concept of supply and its determining factors to help Rohan expand his business. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

A basic economic idea, supply shapes the availability of products and services in a market. It describes the quantity of a good producers are ready and able to present at several price points during a designated period. Changing consumer tastes have driven demand for fresh, chemical-free food at Rohan’s organic agricultural company. Meeting this increasing demand is difficult, though, given supply-side factors include erratic weather, high labor costs, shipping costs, and regulatory rules. Analyzing the main elements affecting supply, the function of market forces, and ways to get beyond these

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Q2A. Aarav owns a chain of fast-food restaurants that specializes in gourmet burgers. Recently, he noticed that when he increased the price of his signature burger by 10%, sales dropped significantly. However, when he increased the price of soft drinks by 15%, there was little to no impact on sales. Aarav is now trying to understand how price changes affect demand for different products in his restaurant and how he can use this information to make better pricing decisions. As a business consultant, analyze the concept of price elasticity of demand and recommend pricing strategies that Aarav can use to maximize revenue without losing customers. (5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

Price elasticity of demand (PED) measures how the quantity demanded of a product responds to changes in its price. Aarav’s experience with his fast-food restaurant highlights that different products have varying levels of price sensitivity. While a 10% increase in burger prices led to a significant drop in sales, a 15% rise in soft drink prices had little impact on demand. Understanding PED can help Aarav make informed pricing decisions, optimize revenue, and balance customer

Q2B. Neha, a young professional, recently received a promotion with a significant salary hike. Excited about her increased income, she decides to upgrade her lifestyle by purchasing premium organic food products, high-end fashion brands, and a gym membership. However, she also notices that some of her colleagues, despite their higher incomes, continue buying budget-friendly brands and prefer saving rather than increasing their spending. As an economist, analyze the impact of the income effect on Neha’s consumption choices. In your response explain the concept of the income effect and how changes in income influence consumer demand for normal goods, inferior goods, and luxury goods. (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

The income effect is the way that variations in a consumer’s income affect their purchase behavior. Neha decides to change her way of living by buying luxury goods and services as she gets a pay raise. Some of her colleagues, though paid more, nonetheless spend carefully on reasonably priced goods. Economic elements such normal goods, inferior products, and luxury items help to explain this variation in behavior. Examining these consumption trends clarifies the different effect of income

Organizational Behavior

Jun 2025 Examination

Q1. Rahul is a young entrepreneur who recently started a tech startup for educational apps. He is imaginative and often comes up with innovative ideas, but his plans lack detail and structure. His team appreciates his enthusiasm and collaborative approach, but he struggles to give critical feedback. During a product launch, Rahul became anxious about meeting expectations, which affected his decision-making under pressure. Despite these challenges, his curiosity and willingness to learn keep him motivated. He realizes he needs to improve his leadership skills to grow his startup.

Question: Using the Big Five Model of Personality, evaluate Rahul’s personality traits and their impact on his effectiveness as a leader. Suggest strategies to enhance his leadership style while leveraging his strengths. How can he engage his team more effectively? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Success in entrepreneurial businesses, especially in the fast-paced world of technology startups, is much influenced by good leadership. Rahul is a young entrepreneur in the educational tech sector with several traits that define him as a creative and passionate leader. But his lack of organized preparation, trouble giving critical comments, and nervousness under duress create obstacles for properly running his team. Rahul’s personality may be evaluated using the helpful framework provided by the Big Five Personality Traits—Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism—which also help one to grasp how these elements affect his leadership efficacy. Rahul can strengthen his leadership abilities, increase team involvement, and propel his company toward steady

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Q2A. Nisha is a talented graphic designer working at a marketing agency. She recently discovered that her colleague, who has similar qualifications and experience, receives a higher salary despite having a comparable workload. This realization has left Nisha feeling demotivated and less enthusiastic about her projects. She starts putting in less effort and avoids taking on additional responsibilities, as she feels her contributions are not being valued equally.

Question: Using Equity Theory of Motivation, analyze Nisha’s reaction to the pay disparity. How can her manager address this situation to restore her motivation and productivity? (5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

Equity Theory of Motivation, proposed by John Stacey Adams, explains how individuals perceive fairness in the workplace and how these perceptions influence their motivation and productivity. Nisha, a talented graphic designer, feels demotivated upon learning that her colleague, with similar qualifications and workload, receives a higher salary. This perceived inequity leads to dissatisfaction, reduced effort, and a lack of willingness to take on additional responsibilities. Understanding Nisha’s reaction through the lens of Equity Theory can help her manager

Q2B. Amit and Priya, two senior project managers in a consulting firm, frequently disagree on project execution strategies. Amit prefers a structured, process-driven approach, while Priya values flexibility and adaptability. Their ongoing conflicts are delaying project timelines and creating tension within the team. The manager notices this issue and wants to intervene.

Question: Analyze the nature of the conflict between Amit and Priya using Conflict Management Techniques. Which technique would be most effective in resolving their conflict, and why? Justify your answer with logical reasoning. (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

Different work styles, priorities, and decision-making methods can all lead to workplace strife. In the instance of Amit and Priya, two top project managers in a consulting company, their divergent opinions on project execution techniques cause conflict that delays project deadlines. Priya’s emphasis on adaptability and flexibility runs counter to Amit’s taste for a

Quantitative Methods – I

Jun 2025 Examination

Q1. From a large batch of batteries, a sample of size 50 is drawn. The average lifespan of the batteries is 1200 hours with a standard deviation of 200 hours.

Find the probability that the mean lifespan of the sample is less than 1150 hours. (3 Marks)
Calculate the 95% confidence interval for the sample mean lifespan. (4 Marks)
Discuss the effect of increasing the sample size to 100 on the standard error and the probability calculation. (3 Marks)

(10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Analyzing actual facts and making wise conclusions depend much on statistical techniques. Interpreting data and grasping differences in various processes depend on quantitative techniques, especially inferential statistics and probability theory. In this regard, companies and researchers regularly deal with sampling methods to project population values. Analyzing the lifetime of batteries utilizing statistical techniques including probability computations, confidence intervals, and standard error analysis is the presented challenge. These techniques allow

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Q2A. A deck of cards contains 10 red and 6 black cards. If two cards are randomly drawn without replacement, what is the probability that both cards drawn are black?

What is the probability that at least one of the two cards drawn is red? Total 5 Marks

Ans 2A.

Introduction

Business decision-making depends much on probability since it helps companies evaluate risks, project future results, and maximize processes. To project uncertainty in market trends, financial investments, and quality control procedures, businesses turn to probability models. Knowing probability helps companies to make data-driven decisions, lower possible losses, and increase efficiency. Probability offers a methodical strategy to handle uncertainty and improve strategic planning whether one is forecasting consumer demand, inventory control, or sales pattern

Q2B. A milling machine is set to produce rods that have an average length of 15.00 cm. The machine is known to have a standard deviation () of 0.3 cm. The customer specifies the rod length to be within 14.80 cm and 15.20 cm. What is the acceptance percentage given the setting and age of the machine (age determines the standard deviation)? (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

Essential tools in statistical analysis, confidence intervals offer a range within which a population parameter is probably to lie. Confidence intervals are used by companies, academics, and legislators to guide judgments grounded on sample data. Organizations can lower uncertainty in forecasting, quality control, and performance assessment by approximating population characteristics with a given degree of confidence. In many different domains,

Business Communication

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. A marketing firm is considering increasing its reliance on digital media for business communication. What opportunities and challenges might this present for reaching their target audience and achieving their marketing goals? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In today’s digital age, businesses are increasingly shifting towards digital media for communication, marketing, and customer engagement. A marketing firm considering increasing its reliance on digital media presents both opportunities and challenges. The digital landscape offers an expansive reach, cost-effective advertising, and real-time customer interaction, enabling brands to target and engage with their audience efficiently. Digital media allows for personalized marketing, data-driven decision-making, and increased brand visibility. However, it also presents challenges such as high competition, content saturation, data privacy concerns, and evolving algorithms that affect visibility. Additionally, firms must navigate issues related to

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Q2. A social media platform is facing a surge of hate speech and misinformation. How can they ethically moderate this content while upholding users’ freedom of expression and avoiding accusations of censorship? (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Social media platforms have become a powerful medium for communication, enabling individuals to share opinions and access diverse perspectives. However, the rise of digital platforms has also led to an increase in hate speech and misinformation, posing significant challenges for ethical moderation. Social media companies must navigate the fine line between ensuring a safe online environment and upholding users’ freedom of expression. The difficulty lies in defining what constitutes hate speech or misinformation while avoiding accusations of bias or censorship. Ethical content moderation requires a framework that is transparent, fair, and adaptable to

Q3 (A). You’re revising your company’s email communication guidelines. Evaluate the impact of requiring bullet points and headings in all business emails, considering their potential to improve clarity and engagement while also analyzing any possible drawbacks. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Effective business communication relies on clarity, engagement, and ease of comprehension. The use of bullet points and headings in emails is often recommended to enhance readability and ensure that key information is easily accessible. Structuring emails in this manner can improve efficiency by allowing recipients to quickly scan and grasp the essential details. However, while these formatting elements can be beneficial, they may also introduce challenges such as an impersonal tone or limitations in certain types of professional interactions. A

Q3 (B) You’re the marketing lead for an online clothing retailer. Design a plan for optimizing email/SMS messages for mobile to improve declining open and click-through rates. Focus on readability and user engagement. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

With the increasing reliance on mobile devices for communication, optimizing email and SMS marketing strategies for mobile users is essential. Declining open and click-through rates indicate that messages may not be effectively engaging recipients. Mobile optimization focuses on improving readability, enhancing user experience, and ensuring that content is compelling and actionable. By prioritizing concise messaging, responsive design, and strategic timing, businesses can create impactful email and SMS campaigns that drive higher engagement and

Financial Accounting

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. ABC Ltd., a small manufacturing company, is struggling with maintaining accurate financial records due to the complexity of its transactions. The management has approached you, a financial consultant, for guidance.

Required:

Explain how the accounting process (from identifying transactions to preparing financial statements) can help the company streamline its financial records.
Highlight the potential risks of skipping key steps like journalizing or preparing a trial balance, using hypothetical examples.

Note: Your answer should include real-world applications of accounting principles and demonstrate how they align with ABC Ltd.’s operational challenges. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

ABC Ltd., a small manufacturing company, faces difficulties in maintaining accurate financial records due to the complexity of its transactions. Financial accounting plays a crucial role in ensuring transparency, accuracy, and efficiency in financial record-keeping. The accounting process, which includes identifying, recording, summarizing, and reporting transactions, enables businesses to track financial health and make informed decisions. Properly structured financial statements help stakeholders assess profitability, liquidity, and solvency, aiding in future planning and compliance.

For a small manufacturing firm

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Q2. XYZ Ltd. provides the following details from its Profit and Loss Statement for the year ended March 31, 2024:

– Revenue: Rs.25,00,000

– Cost of Goods Sold: Rs.15,00,000

– Selling and Administrative Expenses: Rs.4,00,000

– Depreciation Expense: Rs.1,50,000

– Interest Expense: Rs.50,000

– Income Tax Rate: 30% Additionally:

– The company sold a piece of machinery for Rs.1,00,000, resulting in a gain of

Rs.20,000.

Required:

Prepare the Income Statement for XYZ Ltd. for the year ended March 31, 2024.
Calculate the following ratios: Net Profit MarginOperating Profit

MarginInterest Coverage Ratio (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

The financial performance of a company is assessed using an income statement, which provides insights into revenues, expenses, and profitability. For XYZ Ltd., analyzing its financials will help understand its efficiency in generating profits from its operations. The income statement summarizes revenues, expenses, and net income, offering a detailed view of the company’s earnings. Additionally, financial

Q3 (A) Evaluate the impact of a high Debt-to-Equity ratio on the financial stability and future growth potential of a company. Using a hypothetical company’s financial data, identify possible risks associated with the ratio and recommend strategies to improve the company’s leverage position. Justify your recommendations based on financial principles and industry benchmarks. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

The Debt-to-Equity (D/E) ratio is a critical financial metric that measures a company’s financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholders’ equity. A high D/E ratio indicates that a company relies heavily on borrowed funds, which can impact financial stability and future growth. While debt financing allows expansion without diluting ownership, excessive leverage increases financial risk, interest burden, and the possibility of bankruptcy. This discussion evaluates the risks of a high D/E ratio

Q3 (B) XYZ Ltd. has the following information from its cash flow activities for the year ended March 31, 2025:

– Net Income: Rs.5,00,000

– Depreciation: Rs.1,00,000

– Increase in Accounts Receivable: Rs.2,00,000

– Decrease in Accounts Payable: Rs.50,000

– Purchase of Machinery: Rs.3,00,000

– Dividend Paid: Rs.1,00,000

Required:

Prepare the Cash Flow from Operating Activities using the indirect method.
Analyze how changes in working capital components impacted the cash flow from operating activities. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

The Cash Flow Statement is a crucial financial report that tracks the movement of cash in and out of a business. The indirect method for calculating cash flow from operating activities begins with net income, adjusting for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital. Understanding these cash movements helps assess liquidity and operational efficiency. This section prepares the operating cash flow for XYZ

Marketing Management

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. Meera’s family recently moved to Pune, and she wanted to buy a washing machine for their new home. Her decision-making process involved several steps. Initially, she identified the need after struggling with handwashing clothes. She began researching online, reading reviews, and watching videos comparing brands. Her search revealed that consumers valued energy efficiency, ease of use, and after-sales service.

At a local electronics store, Meera interacted with a salesperson who emphasized the features of a mid-range washing machine that matched her requirements. However, her children were drawn to another model with a colorful digital display. Influenced by her family’s preferences and the salesperson’s advice, Meera decided on a slightly costlier model that included advanced features and a sleek design.

After the purchase, Meera felt satisfied because the machine exceeded her expectations, offering convenience and efficiency. However, a week later, she faced issues with installation delays, which slightly dampened her overall experience. Question

Analyze the factors influencing Meera’s buying behavior and decision-making process in this case. Suggest how the store could improve its post-purchase services to enhance customer satisfaction. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Consumer buying behavior is influenced by a complex interplay of psychological, social, cultural, and economic factors. In the case of Meera, her purchase decision for a washing machine was shaped by multiple factors, including personal needs, external influences, and post-purchase experiences. Moving to a new city and facing the challenge of washing clothes manually created a strong need, prompting her to explore available options through online research. Her evaluation process was influenced by product reviews, salesperson recommendations, and family preferences. Ultimately, she chose a model that aligned with both functional and

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Q2. Rahul owns EcoLife, a brand specializing in eco-friendly personal care products like biodegradable toothbrushes and organic soaps. Initially, Rahul tried to appeal to all customer segments but struggled with low sales and weak brand recognition. After consulting a marketing expert, he decided to adopt a customer value–driven marketing strategy.

Rahul identified urban millennials as his target audience—individuals concerned about sustainability and willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly products. He tailored his products and marketing efforts to their preferences by offering subscription plans, attractive packaging, and detailed product stories about sustainability.

Rahul also partnered with influencers to promote EcoLife on social media and created engaging educational content about environmental impact. Within six months, sales grew by 40%, and his customer base expanded significantly. However, scaling up production to meet increased demand remained a challenge.

Question

Evaluate how Rahul’s customer value–driven marketing strategy helped EcoLife create value for its target customers. Suggest one way Rahul can address the challenge of scaling production while maintaining quality. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

In today’s competitive market, businesses must adopt strategies that align closely with customer values to create brand differentiation and drive growth. Rahul’s brand, EcoLife, initially struggled with weak sales and low brand recognition due to a broad, unfocused approach. However, by adopting a customer value–driven marketing strategy, he identified urban millennials as his key target audience—individuals who prioritize sustainability and are willing to invest in eco-friendly products. By tailoring his products, marketing efforts, and brand positioning to meet their preferences, Rahul successfully built a strong brand identity and increased sales by 40% within six months. His strategy included subscription

Q3 (A) Aditi Sharma owns a boutique home décor store, Artisan Elegance, in Bengaluru. She noticed that her sales had plateaued despite having unique, handcrafted products. Her store’s website lacked detailed product descriptions and had minimal customer engagement features. To address these challenges, Aditi revamped her website to include high-quality images, personalized product suggestions based on browsing history, and an option for customers to share their home décor stories.

She also launched a social media campaign encouraging customers to post photos of her products in their homes using the hashtag #ArtisanEleganceHomes. In return, participants received discount coupons. The campaign gained traction, leading to increased social media engagement and website visits. Many customers reported feeling more connected to the brand, stating that the personal touch enhanced their shopping experience.

Six months later, Aditi observed a 30% increase in sales and a noticeable improvement in repeat customers. However, she also encountered challenges, such as managing increased website traffic and responding to numerous customer queries on social media.

Question

Analyze how Aditi created customer value and engagement for Artisan Elegance. Discuss the role of technology and personalized marketing in her strategy. Suggest one improvement to her current approach to address the challenges she faces. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Aditi Sharma’s boutique home décor store, Artisan Elegance, faced stagnant sales despite offering unique handcrafted products. Recognizing the need to enhance customer engagement and digital presence, she revamped her website and leveraged social media to create a more interactive shopping experience. Her approach included high-quality product images, personalized recommendations, and user-generated content through the hashtag #ArtisanEleganceHomes. This strategy successfully increased customer engagement, strengthened brand loyalty, and resulted in a 30% rise in sales within six months. However, managing website

Q3 (B) Ravi Patel runs a premium bakery, Sweet Cravings, in Mumbai, known for its artisan cakes and pastries. While customers appreciated the quality of his offerings, some found the prices high compared to competitors. Ravi decided to analyze his pricing strategy to balance customer perceptions and profitability.

He conducted a survey and discovered that customers valued the use of organic ingredients, unique flavors, and personalized designs. To capture this value, Ravi introduced a tiered pricing strategy: a standard range for budget-conscious customers, a premium range for those seeking exclusivity, and a customizable luxury range for special occasions.

Additionally, he improved communication of value through detailed product descriptions highlighting the premium ingredients and craftsmanship. Over the next three months, Ravi saw an increase in overall sales and customer satisfaction, though some customers in the standard range expressed concerns about affordability. Question

Analyze how Ravi’s pricing strategy reflects an understanding of customer value. Suggest one solution to address the affordability concerns of customers in the standard range while maintaining profitability. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Ravi Patel’s premium bakery, Sweet Cravings, faced pricing concerns despite being known for artisan cakes and pastries. Customers appreciated the use of organic ingredients, unique flavors, and customized designs, but some found the prices high compared to competitors. To address this, Ravi introduced a tiered pricing strategy, offering a standard range for budget-conscious buyers, a premium range for exclusive options, and a luxury range for custom-designed creations. This strategy increased sales and customer satisfaction, though affordability concerns persisted among standard-range customers.

Concept and Application

Micro Economics & Macro Economics

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. Analyze how a company can utilize consumer demand analysis to explore potential markets for new eco-friendly products. Discuss factors such as identifying consumer preferences, segmenting the market, evaluating external trends, and adapting strategies. Discuss how these factors influence the company’s interpretation of consumer behavior and strategy formulation. Support your analysis with examples. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In the modern business landscape, sustainability has become a significant factor influencing consumer choices, pushing companies to develop eco-friendly products. To ensure the successful introduction of such products, businesses must conduct a thorough consumer demand analysis. This involves understanding consumer preferences, segmenting the market, assessing external trends, and adapting strategies accordingly.

Consumer demand analysis helps firms identify potential markets by examining purchasing patterns, lifestyle choices, and the willingness of customers to pay a premium for sustainable good

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Q2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) masks surged dramatically due to heightened health concerns. However, contrary to the typical behavior predicted by the law of demand, the price of PPE masks also increased despite the high demand. In some cases, the price even rose exponentially as suppliers struggled to meet the increasing demand. On the other hand, in certain regions, there were instances where masks were in abundant supply, yet prices remained relatively high due to hoarding and panic buying. Analyze the exceptions to the law of demand and supply observed in this scenario concerning PPE masks. How do these exceptions challenge traditional economic theories, and what factors contribute to this deviation from the standard demand-supply relationship? (10 Marks)

Exceptions to the Law of Demand and Supply: The Case of PPE Masks During COVID-19

Ans 2.

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented surge in the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) masks as global health concerns escalated. Typically, according to the law of demand, an increase in demand should lead to higher consumption and lower prices due to economies of scale. However, during the pandemic, the price of PPE masks rose significantly despite their high demand, defying traditional economic theories.

Several exceptions to the law of

Q3 (A) XYZ Automobiles, a mid-sized car manufacturer, recently expanded its production facilities to increase its monthly output from 10,000 to 50,000 units. With this expansion, the company observed a reduction in the per-unit production cost. The company invested in advanced machinery, hired specialized managers for different departments, and secured better financing terms from banks. Evaluate how XYZ Automobiles benefited from economies of scale in reducing its average cost of production. In your answer, explain how technical, managerial, and financial economies of scale contributed to the reduction in costs and the company’s overall efficiency. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

XYZ Automobiles, a mid-sized car manufacturer, recently expanded its production capacity from 10,000 to 50,000 units per month. As a result, the company observed a significant reduction in its per-unit production cost. This phenomenon is explained by economies of scale, which allow firms to achieve cost efficiency as production volume increases. By investing in advanced machinery, hiring specialized managers, and securing better financing terms, XYZ Automobiles leveraged technical, managerial, and financial economies of scale to enhance overall

Q3 (B) Imagine that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has set an inflation target of 4% for the upcoming fiscal year. However, during this period, India faced external shocks, such as rising global oil prices and supply chain disruptions caused by a natural disaster. Domestic inflation rises to 6% due to increased food prices and wages. In response, the RBI tightens monetary policy by raising interest rates to control inflation. Businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises (SMEs), are struggling to cope with the higher borrowing costs, while consumers are feeling the strain of rising prices on essential goods. At the same time, the government is pushing for infrastructure development to fuel economic growth. Analyze the impact of inflation targeting on economic stability and growth in India, considering the challenges faced by businesses and consumers in the given scenario. How can inflation targeting contribute to economic stability, and what are the trade-offs involved? What challenges might the RBI encounter in trying to achieve the inflation target, and how could it balance between controlling inflation and promoting growth? (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has set an inflation target of 4% for the fiscal year. However, external shocks such as rising global oil prices and supply chain disruptions led to inflation rising to 6%. In response, the RBI tightened monetary policy by raising interest rates to control inflation. This affected businesses, particularly SMEs, and reduced consumer spending power. At the same time, the government prioritized infrastructure development to

Organizational Behavior

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. PowerTech Solutions, a mid-sized IT company, is transitioning to Agile project management to enhance productivity and customer satisfaction. However, the change initiative is encountering resistance from employees, especially middle management, who are reluctant to adapt. Workshops have been held, but they have not been effective in addressing the concerns or boosting employee morale.

Using Lewin’s Change Management Model, analyze the challenges a mentioned company faces in implementing Agile project management. Propose specific steps from this model to overcome these challenges and ensure successful adoption of the new framework. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Organizational change is a challenging yet essential aspect of business evolution, particularly in the fast-paced IT industry. PowerTech Solutions, a mid-sized IT company, is transitioning to Agile project management to enhance productivity and customer satisfaction. However, resistance from employees, particularly middle management, has hindered the change initiative. The company’s efforts, including conducting workshops, have been ineffective in alleviating concerns and improving morale. Change management theories provide valuable frameworks to manage such transitions effectively. One of the most widely accepted models is Kurt Lewin’s Change Management Model, which consists of three stages: Unfreeze, Change, and Refreeze. By applying this model, PowerTech Solutions can systematically address employee resistance, create an environment conducive to Agile implementation, and ensure the sustainability of this transformation. This analysis explores the

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Q2. A GTech Innovatives company specializing in renewable energy solutions, has seen a decline in employee creativity and proactive problem-solving. The leadership recently introduced a competitive bonus system tied to achieving sales targets, but it led to stress and unhealthy competition among employees. A review highlighted that employees value personal growth, teamwork, and the ability to contribute meaningfully to the company’s mission. The management is debating whether to redesign their approach using Vroom’s Expectancy Theory or McClelland’s Theory of Needs to better align employee motivation with organizational goals.

Evaluate how Vroom’s Expectancy Theory or McClelland’s Theory of Needs can be applied to address the motivational challenges at GTech Innovatives. Recommend the more effective theory for fostering creativity and collaboration, justifying your choice. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Employee motivation is a critical factor in fostering creativity and proactive problem-solving within an organization. GTech Innovatives, a company specializing in renewable energy solutions, has recently faced challenges due to its competitive bonus system tied to sales targets. While this approach was intended to enhance performance, it has inadvertently created stress and unhealthy competition, thereby hampering teamwork and innovation. A recent review of employee preferences revealed that they value personal growth, teamwork, and meaningful contributions to the company’s mission.

To address these challenges, the

Q3 (A) Geeta, a team leader at BTech Solutions, is known for being highly organized and detail-oriented, but her rigid adherence to schedules sometimes causes tension with her team. She finds it challenging to adapt to last-minute changes and struggles to understand why her team members prioritize flexibility over deadlines.

Using the Big Five Personality Traits, describe Geeta’s behavior and suggest how an understanding of her personality traits can help her improve her leadership effectiveness.

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Effective leadership is shaped by personality traits that influence how leaders interact with their teams. Geeta, a team leader at BTech Solutions, is known for her high level of organization and attention to detail, but her rigid adherence to schedules creates tension with her team. She struggles to adapt to unexpected changes and finds it difficult to understand why her team values flexibility over strict deadlines. By analyzing her behavior through the Big Five Personality Traits model, we can identify areas for improvement in her leadership approach.

Concept and Application

The Big Five Personality Traits framework evaluates personality through five dimensions: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Conscientiousness
Geeta exhibits high conscientiousness, which explains her structured, detail-oriented, and disciplined approach to leadership. While conscientious leaders are reliable and productive, excessive rigidity can hinder adaptability. Geeta’s inability to adjust to last-minute changes and her focus on strict scheduling highlight an overemphasis on order, potentially leading to friction with

Q3 (B) Rishabh, a senior marketing manager at Creative Works, is observing his newest team member, Rita, who often misses deadlines and seems disengaged in meetings. Based on these observations, Rishabh concludes that Rita is unmotivated and assigns her fewer responsibilities. However, Rita later shares that she was overwhelmed with the new work environment and lacked clear guidance on tasks.

Using the Perception Process, describe Rishabh’s perception of Rita at different stages of the process and how he can improve his perception to avoid misjudging his team members in the future. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Perception plays a significant role in workplace interactions and leadership decision-making. Rishabh, a senior marketing manager at Creative Works, observes that his new team member, Rita, frequently misses deadlines and appears disengaged in meetings. Based on these observations, he assumes she is unmotivated and assigns her fewer responsibilities. However, Rita later reveals that she was struggling with the new

Quantitative Methods – I

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. Propose a method to use Excel for solving a binomial distribution problem, and discuss the advantages and limitations of using Excel for such statistical analyses? Solve the below problem using excel or manual method.

A company manufactures light bulbs, and it is known that 5% of the light bulbs are defective. If a quality control inspector randomly selects 20 light bulbs from a production batch, what is the probability that exactly 2 of them are defective? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In statistics, probability distributions help in predicting outcomes in various real-world scenarios. One such crucial distribution is the binomial distribution, which models the probability of a fixed number of successes in a given number of trials, provided the trials are independent and have the same probability of success. Businesses often use binomial distribution to analyze product defects, success rates in marketing campaigns, and risk assessment in

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Q2. A cereal company claims that the average weight of its cereal boxes is 500 grams. A quality control manager doubts this claim and randomly selects a sample of 50 boxes. The sample has a mean weight of 495 grams and a standard deviation of 10 grams. Formulate the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternate hypothesis (H1). – Perform a statistical to determine if the mean weight of the cereal boxes is significantly different from 500 grams at a significance level of 0.05 (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Statistical hypothesis testing is a critical tool in quality control and decision-making, allowing businesses to validate claims about their products. In this scenario, a cereal company claims that the average weight of its cereal boxes is 500 grams, but a quality control manager doubts this and decides to test the claim using a sample of 50 boxes. The sample has a mean weight of 495 grams and a standard deviation of 10 grams. To determine whether the

Q3(A) Evaluate the importance of understanding the null and alternate hypotheses in the context of hypothesis testing and its impact on research outcomes?

State Null and Alternate Hypothesis for below scenarios

A health organization claims that the average sodium content in a specific brand of soup is at least 400 mg per serving. A nutritionist doubts this claim and wants to verify if the average sodium content is less than 400 mg. State Null and Alternate Hypothesis

A pharmaceutical company claims that their new drug reduces cholesterol by an average of 50 mg/dL. A medical researcher wants to verify if the average reduction is not equal to 50 mg/dL. (5 Marks)

Introduction

Hypothesis testing is a fundamental aspect of statistical analysis in research. It enables researchers to make data-driven decisions by assessing whether an observed effect is statistically significant or simply due to chance. The null hypothesis () represents the default assumption that there is no effect or no significant difference, while the alternative hypothesis () suggests that there is an effect or a deviation from the assumed norm. Understanding these

Q3 (B) Given the following data points for variables X and Y:

X: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10

Y: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between X and Y. Given the following data points for variables X and Y:

X: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Y: 2, 4, 5, 4, 5

Determine the equation of the regression line (Y = a + bX)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

In statistical analysis, correlation and regression are essential tools for understanding relationships between variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, while linear regression provides a predictive equation that describes this relationship. In this section, we calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient and derive the regression equation for given datasets. These analyses help in data-driven decision-making, forecasting, and pattern recognition in various fields

Business Economics

April 2025 Examination

Q1. XYZ Pvt. Ltd., a mid-sized manufacturing company producing eco-friendly water bottles, has witnessed a surge in demand due to increased environmental awareness. However, the company faces several significant challenges in scaling up production to meet this growing demand. Firstly, the limited availability of skilled labor poses a constraint on expanding production capacity. Secondly, the company depends on imported machinery, with a three- month lead time, which delays the procurement process and hampers timely scaling efforts.

Additionally, seasonal variations in the availability of raw materials further disrupt production schedules and supply chain efficiency. These factors collectively restrict XYZ Pvt. Ltd.’s ability to respond swiftly to the rising demand, despite the reduction in production costs due to government subsidies on raw materials. As a result, the company is assessing its capacity to increase production effectively to capitalize on the growing eco-friendly water bottle market. Analyze the above scenario and discuss the concept on elasticity of supply and discuss the various determinants of elasticity of supply. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In today’s competitive business landscape, supply-side responsiveness plays a crucial role in determining the success of a firm. XYZ Pvt. Ltd., a mid-sized manufacturing company producing eco-friendly water bottles, has experienced a significant increase in demand due to rising environmental consciousness among consumers. While this surge presents an opportunity for growth, the company faces challenges in scaling up production. Limited availability of skilled labor, dependence on imported machinery with long lead times, and seasonal variations in raw material supply restrict its ability to respond efficiently to the demand shift. Despite the

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Q2. XYZ Tech Solutions is a growing software company specializing in developing mobile applications. The company plans to launch a new app designed to improve customer engagement for retail businesses. Management believes that the app will attract significant interest, but they are unsure of the future demand, especially since the market for such applications is still evolving. To make informed decisions regarding production, marketing, and resource allocation, XYZ Tech Solutions needs a reliable demand forecast. To address this, XYZ Tech decides to use the Delphi technique. On the above scenario, discuss the various factors affecting demand forecasting and details about Delphi technique method of demand forecasting with respect to above context. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Demand forecasting plays a crucial role in strategic planning for businesses, especially in industries experiencing rapid technological advancements. XYZ Tech Solutions, a growing software company specializing in mobile applications, is preparing to launch a new app designed to improve customer engagement for retail businesses. While management expects significant interest, the uncertainty surrounding market demand poses a challenge. Given that the market for such applications is still evolving, an accurate demand forecast is essential for making informed decisions on

Q3. XYZ Electronics, a leading retailer in consumer electronics, is planning to introduce a price reduction on their latest smartphone model, the SmartTech Pro. The current price of the smartphone is ₹50,000, and the company estimates that if they lower the price to ₹45,000, the quantity demanded will increase from 10,000 units to 15,000 units

a) Calculate the price elasticity of demand for the SmartTech Pro using the percentage/proportionate change method. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Price elasticity of demand (PED) is a key economic concept that measures how the quantity demanded of a product responds to changes in its price. For businesses, understanding this concept is crucial for making pricing decisions, as it helps predict consumer behavior and revenue impact. XYZ Electronics is considering lowering the price of its latest smartphone, the SmartTech Pro, from ₹50,000 to ₹45,000. The company estimates that this price reduction will increase demand from 10,000 units to 15,000 units. By calculating the price elasticity of demand,

b) Analyze the above scenario and specify If the company observes that competitors are also reducing their prices for similar models, how might this affect the elasticity of demand for the SmartTech Pro? (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

In a competitive market, pricing decisions are rarely made in isolation. If competitors also reduce their prices on similar smartphone models, the demand elasticity for SmartTech Pro may shift. While XYZ Electronics initially observed a high price elasticity (5.0) when reducing its smartphone price, competitor actions could alter consumer responsiveness. In this scenario, analyzing how competition influences elasticity is essential for making informed pricing

Financial Accounting & Analysis

April 2025 Examination

Q1. Prepare final accounts from the following balances –

Trial Balance as on 31.03.2024

Addition information:

The closing inventory as on 31.03.2024 was valued at Rs. 3,68,500.

Depreciation on plant @ 15% and on Building @ 10%.
Outstanding printing and stationery expense Rs. 5000.
Prepaid advertisement expense Rs. 15000. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

The preparation of final accounts is a critical process in financial accounting, where the financial position and performance of a business are summarized. These statements include the Trading and Profit & Loss Account and the Balance Sheet. Final accounts help stakeholders assess profitability, operational efficiency, and financial stability. The trial balance serves as the foundation for this process. Adjustments, such as depreciation, outstanding expenses, and closing inventory, ensure

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Q2. Raj Limited provides the following information for the immediately preceding two years. From the given information prepare Comparative Income Statement of the company

for the two- year period: (10 Marks)

Particulars	2023	2024
Particulars	Rs. Million	Rs. Million
Sales	5,000	3,750
Cost of goods sold	3,000	2,450
Operating expenses	750	490
Financial expenses	500	340
Income tax	150	95
Net profit	600	375

Ans 2.

Introduction

A Comparative Income Statement is a key tool in financial analysis that enables the comparison of a company’s financial performance over two or more periods. It highlights changes in revenue, expenses, and profitability, providing insights into the company’s growth trends, efficiency, and areas of improvement. By showing both absolute and percentage changes, a comparative income statement makes it easier for stakeholders to understand how various income statement elements have evolved. In this exercise, we analyze Raj Limited’s income statement for 2023 and 2024 to assess its performance, identifying key trends and underlying causes for any changes in profitability. This analysis uses critical accounting concepts such as cost control,

Q3(a).Dividend is the distribution of profits by a company to its shareholders. Companies generally pay two types of dividends: Interim dividend and Final dividend. You are required to explain the term Dividend and explain the two types of dividends.

(5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

A dividend is the portion of a company’s profits distributed to its shareholders as a reward for their investment in the company. It reflects a company’s financial health, profitability, and commitment to providing returns to shareholders. Dividends can be paid in cash, shares, or other forms and are usually declared by the company’s board of directors. There are primarily two types of dividends: interim dividend and final dividend. These distributions not only signal a company’s performance

Q3(b). In order to take management decisions for a company, it is important to analyze the financial statements of the company in detail with the help of various financial analysis techniques. Explain in one sentence each the 5 techniques of analyzing financial statements. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

Financial statement analysis is the process of evaluating a company’s financial data to assess its performance, financial health, and decision-making efficiency. It enables management, investors, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions. Various techniques, including ratio analysis,

Marketing Management

April 2025 Examination

Q1. For products like Amazon Alexa, and Google Siri (Voice assisted task completion gadget), develop a simple consumer buyer behaviour stages-based note to be shared with the Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) of your organization. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Voice-assisted task completion gadgets such as Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant have transformed consumer interactions with technology. These smart assistants leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to perform a range of tasks, from setting reminders and controlling smart home devices to online shopping and providing personalized recommendations. As consumer dependency on convenience and automation increases, the adoption of these devices follows a structured buying behavior process influenced by technological trends, perceived utility, and brand positioni

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Q2. For the product or service of your choice, design a customer-driven marketing strategy that covers four major steps (or components) of the STP marketing model. (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

With rising concerns over home security and advancements in smart technology, the demand for smart home security systems has increased significantly. A smart home security system, which includes devices like AI-powered cameras, motion sensors, doorbell cameras, and remote monitoring applications, provides homeowners with real-time security and peace of mind. As urbanization expands and safety becomes a priority, companies in the smart security industry need to develop a well-defined marketing strategy that effectively reaches their target audienc

Q3. LAUNDROMAT INC., one of the UK’s leading laundry and dry cleaning service support providers, has entered India. It is following a franchising model and expanding rapidly. They offer cloth pick-up and drop service as well as at-home ironing service. Currently, they have 15 outlets across 5 cities. The Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) needs to develop a broad market development plan. Certain basic understanding is needed by him, which you can provide by answering the following two questions.

a) First, identify and explain the four characteristics that affect the marketing of services with one example. Later identify the services of Laundromat Inc. as equal to which specific service characteristic and justify your answer. (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Marketing services differ significantly from marketing physical products due to their unique characteristics. Unlike tangible goods, services involve direct customer interaction, customization, and a level of uncertainty in perceived quality. Companies in the service industry, including hospitality, healthcare, and personal care services, must address these unique factors to ensure customer satisfaction and brand loyalty.

Laundromat Inc., as a laundry and

b) Prepare your brief note for the CMO to suggest what is direct and digital marketing and suggest what Laundromat Inc. needs to do for each. (5 Marks)

Ans 3b.

Introduction

With increasing competition in the service industry, adopting direct and digital marketing strategies is crucial for expanding brand reach and customer engagement. Direct marketing involves personalized communication with potential customers through direct mail, telemarketing, and SMS campaigns, while digital marketing leverages online platforms to enhance brand

Organisational Behaviour

April 2025 Examination

Reflecting on your professional experience, describe any two situations where your job satisfaction and organizational commitment were respectively challenged during a work situation. Also discuss how you responded to these challenges and what were the outcomes? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Organizational behavior plays a crucial role in shaping employee experiences, influencing job satisfaction, and fostering commitment to an organization. Job satisfaction refers to an individual’s emotional response to their job, while organizational commitment reflects the degree to which an employee identifies with and is dedicated to their organization. These two factors are critical in determining employee engagement, motivation, and overall productivity.

Throughout my professional journey,

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Write about an experience where perceptual shortcuts, such as stereotyping, the halo effect or selective perception, influenced your judgment of a colleague or how a colleague judge you. Describe the situation, its impact on workplace dynamics and the lessons learned. Also discuss how awareness of these perceptual shortcuts can improve organizational behavior? (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Perception plays a significant role in shaping workplace interactions and professional relationships. It influences how individuals interpret the behavior of colleagues, superiors, and subordinates. However, perception is not always accurate, as individuals often rely on perceptual shortcuts, such as stereotyping, the halo effect, and selective perception, to form quick judgments. These mental shortcuts help simplify complex information but can lead to biased or inaccurate conclusions about others.

In my professional experience, I

Alpha Corp. takes care of its employees in a number of ways. There are fixed timing, good catering and transportation facilities to its employees. Senior management continuously interacts with junior people even at an informal level. All events are celebrated together. The culture of openness has brought harmony in the organization. Younger employees adapt the culture of seniors quickly. The organization focuses on the overall development of its employees by providing them will all kinds of training and good compensation is offered.

As a result of all these positive aspects of culture, it has been observed that there is a scarcity of competitive drive among employees. Career growth is also not very fast. Being that the organization is highly structured, the facility for feedback and change is minimized. People do not like to task risks. The difference in the quality of research creates resentment among project teams. As stability is a priority even incompetent and unmotivated employees tend to remain in the system. People are still not satisfied with the monetary compensation. An interesting trend observed is that people appreciate the organization and its values but it is the younger set who quit the organization within 2 years of joining. The middle managers leave only when they get senior leadership positions in other place while senior management rarely leaves.

How would you classify this organization on cultural parameters? What are the problems being encountered by this organization? (5 Marks)

Ans 3a.

Introduction

Organizational culture plays a significant role in shaping employee behavior, engagement, and performance. Alpha Corp exhibits a strong culture of stability, harmony, and employee welfare, with structured policies, open communication, and emphasis on employee development. However, while these aspects contribute to employee satisfaction, they also lead to certain challenges, including a lack of competitiveness, slow career growth, and resistance to change. By analyzing the cultural parameters of Alpha Corp, we can classify its culture and identify the key